Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following molecules acts as the genetic code's messenger?

• A. RNA
• B. Proteins
• C. DNA
• D. Carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is RNA. RNA, particularly mRNA, serves as the messenger that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Proteins (choice B) are not the genetic code's messenger; they are synthesized based on the information carried by RNA. DNA (choice C) stores the genetic information but does not directly act as the messenger. Carbohydrates (choice D) are not involved in transmitting genetic information.

2. Which of the following statements is true if a molecule exhibits adhesion?

• A. Two molecules of the same substance have the ability to stay bonded to one another
• B. The molecule has the ability to bond to or attract other molecules
• C. A molecule has the ability to increase its heat when necessary
• D. The molecule has the ability to form hydrogen bonds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that if a molecule exhibits adhesion, it has the ability to bond to or attract other molecules. Adhesion refers to the ability of a molecule to bind to or attract different types of molecules. Choice A is incorrect because adhesion is about bonding to different molecules, not the same substance. Choice C is incorrect as adhesion does not relate to the ability of a molecule to increase its heat. Choice D is incorrect because forming hydrogen bonds is a specific type of interaction and not a general characteristic of molecules exhibiting adhesion.

3. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from:

• A. Two identical cells
• B. A single cell
• C. Two cells
• D. Four daughter cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where a single parent cell divides to produce genetically identical offspring. The correct answer is 'B: A single cell' because asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of two cells. Choice A ('Two identical cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not involve two cells. Choice C ('Two cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction typically involves only one parent cell. Choice D ('Four daughter cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not necessarily involve the production of four daughter cells.

4. Which of the following serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the nucleus. The nucleus is indeed the information processing and administrative center of the cell as it contains the genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling cellular activities. The Golgi apparatus (Choice A) is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the cytoplasm (Choice B) is the fluid that fills the cell and provides a medium for organelles to be suspended, and lysosomes (Choice D) are responsible for digesting waste materials and foreign invaders. Therefore, the nucleus is the most appropriate choice for the given function.

5. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

• A. There is no difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
• B. Saturated fatty acids contain double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
• C. Saturated fatty acids often contain two or more pairs of double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
• D. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains, making them more solid at room temperature. Choice A is incorrect because there is a significant difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately states that saturated fatty acids contain double bonds, which is a property of unsaturated fatty acids. Choice C is also incorrect as saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds, let alone two or more pairs of double bonds.

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