Nursing Elites

1. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Cardiovascular system

• A. The heart is displaced upward and to the left by the enlarging uterus, cardiac capacity increases, and blood pressure declines slightly.
• B. The heart is displaced downward and to the right, and blood pressure increases.
• C. The cardiovascular system remains unchanged during pregnancy.
• D. Cardiovascular changes include increased peripheral resistance and reduced cardiac output.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes such as the heart being displaced upward and to the left by the enlarging uterus, increased cardiac capacity, and a slight decline in blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as the heart is displaced upwards, not downwards, and blood pressure typically decreases slightly. Choice C is incorrect as the cardiovascular system does undergo changes during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as cardiovascular changes in pregnancy involve increased cardiac output rather than reduced output.

2. What does confidentiality in reproductive health services mean?

• A. All information regarding the patient is discussed only between the patient, provider, and supervisors.
• B. Sharing patient information with all healthcare staff.
• C. Sharing patient information with their family members.
• D. Allowing patient information to be discussed in public areas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Confidentiality in reproductive health services means that all information regarding the patient should be discussed only among the patient, provider, and supervisors involved in their care. Choice B is incorrect because sharing patient information with all healthcare staff goes against the principle of confidentiality. Choice C is incorrect because sharing patient information with family members should only be done with the patient's explicit consent. Choice D is incorrect as allowing patient information to be discussed in public areas violates patient privacy and confidentiality.

3. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?

• A. The placenta secretes insulin.
• B. The placenta facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients between mother and fetus.
• C. The placenta provides immunological protection to the fetus.
• D. The placenta stores fat-soluble vitamins for the fetus.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The placenta serves as a crucial organ during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) between the mother and the developing fetus. This exchange is vital for the fetus's growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The placenta does not secrete insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas. While the placenta provides some immune support to the fetus, its main role is not immunological protection. Additionally, storing fat-soluble vitamins is not a primary function of the placenta.

4. Which hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests. During pregnancy, the placenta produces hCG, which can be detected in the urine or blood to confirm pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone are also essential hormones in pregnancy but are not typically used for pregnancy tests. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, not pregnancy.

5. Why is it important to involve both men and women in many aspects of the RH program?

• A. Promote responsible and caring attitudes and behavior for the benefit of all
• B. Prevent abuse of pregnant women
• C. Minimize sexually transmitted diseases
• D. Promote love and care among couples

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Involving both men and women in the RH program is crucial to promote responsible and caring attitudes and behavior for the benefit of all. This inclusive approach ensures that diverse perspectives are considered, leading to better outcomes and fostering a sense of shared responsibility. While preventing abuse of pregnant women is important, it is just one aspect of the broader goal of promoting overall well-being. Similarly, minimizing sexually transmitted diseases is crucial but not the sole reason for involving both genders. Promoting love and care among couples is desirable, but the primary focus should be on fostering responsible and caring attitudes for the benefit of all individuals involved in reproductive health programs.

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