Nursing Elites

1. Each breast is situated on each side of the sternum and extends between the:

• A. 1st and 6th rib
• B. 2nd and 6th rib
• C. 3rd and 6th rib
• D. 4th and 6th rib

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 2nd and 6th rib. Each breast is situated between the 2nd and 6th ribs. This anatomical location is important for understanding breast examination techniques and identifying potential abnormalities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the breasts do not extend as far as the 1st, 3rd, or 4th rib, respectively. Understanding the precise anatomical location of structures is crucial in healthcare to ensure accurate assessments and interventions.

2. Septic abortion is characterized by:

• A. Backache.
• B. Os open.
• C. Heavy bleeding.
• D. Maternal pyrexia.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Septic abortion is characterized by maternal pyrexia. Maternal pyrexia, or fever, is a hallmark sign of septic abortion due to infection. Backache and heavy bleeding can be present in abortion but are not specific to septic abortion. 'Os open' does not directly characterize septic abortion.

3. Which of the following Leopold maneuvers assesses the fetal lie?

• A. Fundal grip
• B. Umbilical grip
• C. Pawlick grip
• D. Pelvic grip

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fundal grip. Fundal grip is a specific Leopold maneuver used to assess the fetal lie by palpating the upper abdomen to determine the position of the baby's back and presenting part. This maneuver helps healthcare providers understand the orientation of the fetus within the uterus. Choice B, Umbilical grip, is not a recognized Leopold maneuver and does not assess fetal lie. Choice C, Pawlick grip, and choice D, Pelvic grip, are also not part of the standard Leopold maneuvers used to determine fetal lie.

4. What is the role of the corpus luteum during the menstrual cycle?

• A. The corpus luteum produces estrogen to maintain the endometrium.
• B. The corpus luteum produces progesterone to maintain the endometrium.
• C. The corpus luteum produces testosterone to inhibit ovulation.
• D. The corpus luteum has no significant role during the menstrual cycle.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The corpus luteum produces progesterone to maintain the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. This hormone helps prepare the uterine lining for implantation in case fertilization occurs. Choice A is incorrect because estrogen is mainly produced by the developing follicles in the ovaries. Choice C is incorrect as testosterone is produced in smaller amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands but does not play a significant role in maintaining the endometrium. Choice D is incorrect as the corpus luteum plays a crucial role in producing progesterone to support the endometrium.

5. What is the primary purpose of using pethidine?

• A. Relieve constriction ring.
• B. Relieve pain.
• C. Affect milk production.
• D. Induce labor.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pethidine is primarily used to relieve pain. It is an opioid analgesic commonly used for pain relief in various medical settings. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as pethidine is not indicated for relieving constriction ring, affecting milk production, or inducing labor.

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