Nursing Elites

1. What is a characteristic of threatening abortion?

• A. Os open.
• B. Firm contracted uterus.
• C. Heavy bleeding.
• D. Severe cramping.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Threatening abortion is characterized by a firm contracted uterus with an open os. This presentation indicates a risk of miscarriage. Choice A ('Os open') is not specific enough and does not fully describe the condition. Choices C ('Heavy bleeding') and D ('Severe cramping') can also be present in threatening abortion, but the primary characteristic is a firm contracted uterus with an open os.

2. At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Colostrum can be expressed.
• B. Breasts become tender.
• C. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.
• D. Nipples become prominent and mobile.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, one of the changes in the breast includes the prominence of Montgomery's tubercles. These sebaceous glands around the nipple become more noticeable at this stage. Colostrum production usually occurs later in pregnancy, typically closer to the third trimester. While breast tenderness is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it is not specific to the 6-8 week timeframe. Nipples becoming more prominent and mobile may happen later in pregnancy as the body prepares for breastfeeding, but it is not a typical change seen specifically at 6-8 weeks.

3. Outlet of the true pelvis anteriorly bounded by:

• A. Ischiopubic arch (T)
• B. Linea terminalis (F)
• C. Coccyx (T)
• D. Promontory of the sacrum (F)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ischiopubic arch. The outlet of the true pelvis is indeed anteriorly bounded by the ischiopubic arch, which consists of the ischium and the pubic bones. This structure forms the lower boundary of the pelvic outlet. The other choices, B, C, and D, are incorrect. The linea terminalis (pelvic brim) forms the upper boundary of the true pelvis, the coccyx is part of the bony pelvis but does not bound the pelvic outlet anteriorly, and the promontory of the sacrum is located in the posterior part of the pelvis, not the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet.

4. When does missed abortion occur?

• A. The fetus dies and is retained in utero with the placenta and membranes.
• B. All products of conception are expelled with minimal bleeding.
• C. The cervix remains closed, and the products of conception remain in the uterus.
• D. The cervix remains closed, but there is heavy bleeding.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Missed abortion occurs when the cervix is closed, and the products of conception remain in the uterus. Choice A describes a missed abortion, not choice C. Choice B describes a complete abortion. Choice D describes a threatened abortion, where the cervix remains closed but there is heavy bleeding.

5. Which part of the female reproductive system remains blocked after tubectomy?

• A. Fallopian tube
• B. Cervix
• C. Uterine cavity
• D. None

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After a tubectomy procedure, the Fallopian tube remains blocked. This is the correct answer because tubectomy involves the surgical blocking or sealing of the Fallopian tubes to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus, thus preventing pregnancy. Choice B, the cervix, is incorrect as it is not blocked during a tubectomy. Choice C, the uterine cavity, is also incorrect as the procedure does not involve blocking this part of the reproductive system. Choice D, none, is incorrect as the purpose of tubectomy is to block the Fallopian tubes.

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