Nursing Elites

1. The nurse has received funding to design a health promotion project for African American women who are at risk for developing breast cancer. Which resource is most important in designing this program?

• A. Participation of community leaders in planning the program
• B. Latest research on breast cancer risk factors
• C. Partnership with local healthcare providers
• D. Health surveys of African American women in the community

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most important resource in designing a health promotion project for African American women at risk for breast cancer is the participation of community leaders in planning the program. Involving community leaders helps ensure that the program is culturally relevant, addresses the specific needs of the target population, and fosters trust and engagement. While the latest research on breast cancer risk factors, partnership with local healthcare providers, and health surveys of African American women are valuable resources, they are not as crucial as community involvement for tailoring the program effectively.

2. An older adult client with gastroenteritis has been taking the antidiarrheal diphenoxylate for the past 24 hours. What finding requires the nurse to take further action?

• A. Monitor the client’s fluid intake.
• B. Obtain a stool sample for testing.
• C. Administer a laxative to clear the infection.
• D. Assess skin turgor and provide fluids.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Assessing skin turgor is crucial as tented skin turgor indicates dehydration, which can be worsened by antidiarrheal medications like diphenoxylate. Providing fluids is essential to address dehydration in this client. Monitoring fluid intake (choice A) is important, but assessing skin turgor takes precedence in this situation. Obtaining a stool sample for testing (choice B) could be necessary for diagnostic purposes but is not the immediate priority. Administering a laxative (choice C) is contraindicated in this case as it can worsen the client's condition by further exacerbating fluid loss.

3. A client is recovering from a hip replacement surgery. What is the priority nursing intervention to prevent complications?

• A. Encourage bed rest to prevent strain on the hip
• B. Assist the client with early ambulation
• C. Provide continuous passive motion therapy
• D. Administer pain medication before activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assist the client with early ambulation. Early ambulation is a key intervention to prevent complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and promote circulation after hip replacement surgery. It also helps with overall recovery and reduces the risk of complications related to immobility, such as muscle atrophy and pressure ulcers. Choice A is incorrect as bed rest should be avoided to prevent complications associated with immobility. Choice C, continuous passive motion therapy, is not the priority intervention immediately post-hip replacement surgery. Choice D, administering pain medication before activity, is important but not the priority intervention to prevent complications in this case.

4. A client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin. What teaching should the nurse provide to the client?

• A. Avoid leafy green vegetables while taking warfarin.
• B. Report any unusual bruising or bleeding.
• C. Take warfarin at the same time every day.
• D. Avoid alcohol consumption while on warfarin.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Avoid alcohol consumption while on warfarin.' Alcohol can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin, so it should be avoided. Choice A is incorrect as leafy green vegetables contain vitamin K, which can interfere with the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Choice B is important but not directly related to alcohol consumption. Choice C is a general instruction for medication adherence but not specifically related to the interaction with alcohol.

5. A client receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer reports dry, peeling skin at the treatment site. What action should the nurse recommend?

• A. Apply lotion to the treatment area.
• B. Use mild soap and water to cleanse the area.
• C. Cover the area with a sterile dressing.
• D. Allow the skin to air dry after washing.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with dry, peeling skin at a radiation therapy treatment site is to use mild soap and water to cleanse the area. This approach helps in preventing skin irritation and reduces the risk of infection. Applying lotion (Choice A) may further irritate the skin due to the chemicals present in the lotion. Covering the area with a sterile dressing (Choice C) is not necessary unless there is an open wound that needs protection. Allowing the skin to air dry after washing (Choice D) may lead to further dryness and peeling.

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