Nursing Elites

1. Why does ice have the capability of floating on water?

• A. It has a higher viscosity
• B. It has a different chemical composition
• C. It has a high specific heat
• D. It forms a lattice when freezing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Ice forms a lattice structure when it freezes, which makes it less dense than liquid water, allowing it to float. Choice A is incorrect because viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow and is not related to ice floating. Choice B is incorrect as ice and liquid water have the same chemical composition (H2O). Choice C is incorrect because the high specific heat of water is not the reason why ice floats.

2. During cellular respiration, glycolysis takes place in the cytosol and produces how many molecules of ATP, pyruvate, and NADH?

• A. two, two, two
• B. two, four, two
• C. two, four, four
• D. four, four, four

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glycolysis, the first step of cellular respiration, takes place in the cytosol and produces two molecules each of ATP, pyruvate, and NADH. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect as glycolysis produces two ATP molecules, not four. Choice C is incorrect as it incorrectly states that glycolysis produces four molecules of pyruvate and NADH. Choice D is incorrect because glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP, not four.

3. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

• A. There is no difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
• B. Saturated fatty acids contain double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
• C. Saturated fatty acids often contain two or more pairs of double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.
• D. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds, unlike unsaturated fatty acids.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains, making them more solid at room temperature. Choice A is incorrect because there is a significant difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately states that saturated fatty acids contain double bonds, which is a property of unsaturated fatty acids. Choice C is also incorrect as saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds, let alone two or more pairs of double bonds.

4. Phagocytes in the immune system are responsible for the biological action of which of the following?

• A. Secreting
• B. Consuming
• C. Altering
• D. Building

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Consuming. Phagocytes are cells that engulf and digest pathogens, dead cells, and other harmful particles, playing a crucial role in the immune system's defense. Phagocytes do not secrete substances, alter particles, or build structures; their primary function is to consume and eliminate harmful entities.

5. DNA and RNA are both subunits of which biological molecule?

• A. Nucleic acids
• B. Proteins
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Lipids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nucleic acids. DNA and RNA are both types of nucleic acids, which are fundamental biological molecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Choice B, Proteins, are not subunits of DNA and RNA but are composed of amino acids. Carbohydrates, choice C, are another type of biological molecule involved in energy storage and structural support, not subunits of DNA and RNA. Lipids, choice D, are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids, but they are not subunits of DNA and RNA.

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