Nursing Elites

1. Which two items react during cellular respiration?

• A. Glucose and water
• B. Carbon dioxide and water
• C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
• D. Glucose and oxygen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glucose and oxygen. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react in the presence of enzymes to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Choice A (Glucose and water) is incorrect because water is a product of cellular respiration, not a reactant. Choice B (Carbon dioxide and water) is incorrect as carbon dioxide is produced during cellular respiration, not a reactant. Choice C (Carbon dioxide and oxygen) is incorrect because oxygen is a reactant in cellular respiration, not a product.

2. Which of the following makes it possible to predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring of sexual reproduction?

• A. Punnett square
• B. Chi-square
• C. Microscope
• D. None of these

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Punnett square. A Punnett square is a tool specifically designed to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of offspring resulting from a particular cross or breeding experiment. It helps in understanding the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes appearing in the offspring. Choice B, Chi-square, is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in a study. Choice C, Microscope, is used for viewing tiny structures and organisms, not for predicting genetic outcomes. Choice D, None of these, is incorrect as Punnett square is a valid tool for predicting genetic outcomes in offspring.

3. Prophase is the first stage of mitosis. Which of the following best describes chromosomes during this stage?

• A. They are gathered on either side of the separating cell
• B. They are all aligned along the metaphase plate
• C. They are attached to the spindle
• D. They are visibly separate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures under a microscope. Choice A is incorrect as chromosomes are not gathered on either side of the separating cell during prophase. Choice B is incorrect because chromosomes align along the metaphase plate during the subsequent stage, metaphase. Choice C is incorrect as chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers during prometaphase, the stage following prophase.

4. Why does ice have the capability of floating on water?

• A. It has a higher viscosity
• B. It has a different chemical composition
• C. It has a high specific heat
• D. It forms a lattice when freezing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Ice forms a lattice structure when it freezes, which makes it less dense than liquid water, allowing it to float. Choice A is incorrect because viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow and is not related to ice floating. Choice B is incorrect as ice and liquid water have the same chemical composition (H2O). Choice C is incorrect because the high specific heat of water is not the reason why ice floats.

5. Where can ribosomes be found inside a cell?

• A. Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the cytoplasm
• B. Within the cellular membrane
• C. Attached to the Golgi apparatus and in the cytoplasm
• D. Within the nucleus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ribosomes can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or free-floating in the cytoplasm. The correct answer is A because ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins and are commonly found on the ER or in the cytoplasm. Choice B is incorrect because ribosomes are not typically located within the cellular membrane. Choice C is incorrect as ribosomes are not attached to the Golgi apparatus; instead, they are involved in protein synthesis. Choice D is incorrect as ribosomes are not found within the nucleus but rather in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

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