Nursing Elites

1. Which two items react during cellular respiration?

• A. Glucose and water
• B. Carbon dioxide and water
• C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
• D. Glucose and oxygen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glucose and oxygen. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react in the presence of enzymes to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Choice A (Glucose and water) is incorrect because water is a product of cellular respiration, not a reactant. Choice B (Carbon dioxide and water) is incorrect as carbon dioxide is produced during cellular respiration, not a reactant. Choice C (Carbon dioxide and oxygen) is incorrect because oxygen is a reactant in cellular respiration, not a product.

2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

• A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in protein synthesis and processing, making choice A incorrect. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transportation, so it is not directly involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, making choice C incorrect. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are not involved in lipid or steroid hormone synthesis, making choice D incorrect.

3. The bilayer of the cellular membrane consists of phospholipids with all except which of the following scattered throughout?

• A. Nucleic acids
• B. Cholesterol
• C. Proteins
• D. Glycoproteins

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cellular membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol, proteins, and glycoproteins distributed throughout. Nucleic acids are not found within the cellular membrane. Cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity, while proteins and glycoproteins play important roles in cell signaling, transport, and structural support.

4. Which of the following is the process that reduces cells originally classified as diploid to haploid?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Photosynthesis
• C. Mitosis
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Meiosis. Meiosis is the cell division process that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid, which is essential for sexual reproduction. Choice B, Photosynthesis, is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll. Choice C, Mitosis, is a cell division process that results in two diploid daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Choice D, Cytokinesis, is the division of the cytoplasm following cell division.

5. Which of the following organelles is the site of cellular respiration?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP through cellular respiration. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus (choice A), lysosomes (choice C), and ribosomes (choice D), do not play a direct role in cellular respiration. The nucleus contains genetic material, lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

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