Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following options correctly lists biology's hierarchical organizational system?

• A. Phylum, Kingdom, Class, Family, Order, Species, Genus
• B. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
• C. Genus, Order, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Species, Family
• D. Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Genus, Order, Family, Species

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct hierarchical organizational system in biology is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This follows the mnemonic 'King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup.' Choice A is incorrect as it does not follow the correct hierarchical order. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Genus, which is more specific and should come after Family. Choice D is incorrect as it does not follow the correct hierarchical order.

2. Water is a polar molecule that can be:

• A. cohesive and corrosive
• B. cohesive and adhesive
• C. electrostatic and ionic
• D. repellent and attractive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Water is a polar molecule due to an uneven distribution of electrons, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds. This property makes water both cohesive (attracted to itself) and adhesive (attracted to other substances). Choice A is incorrect because water is not corrosive; rather, it is a solvent. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not describe the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.

3. The bilayer of the cellular membrane consists of phospholipids with all except which of the following scattered throughout?

• A. Nucleic acids
• B. Cholesterol
• C. Proteins
• D. Glycoproteins

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cellular membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol, proteins, and glycoproteins distributed throughout. Nucleic acids are not found within the cellular membrane. Cholesterol helps maintain membrane fluidity, while proteins and glycoproteins play important roles in cell signaling, transport, and structural support.

4. What do prokaryotic cells lack in comparison to eukaryotic cells?

• A. A defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
• B. A defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
• C. No defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
• D. No defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice A is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Choice B is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack both a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice C is incorrect as prokaryotic cells have no defined nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

5. What is the primary method of asexual reproduction used by most bacteria?

• A. Meiosis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Binary fission
• D. Interphase

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Binary fission. This is the main process through which most bacteria reproduce asexually. During binary fission, a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing a copy of the genetic material. Choices A and B, meiosis and mitosis, are processes involved in sexual reproduction and are not used by bacteria for asexual reproduction. Choice D, interphase, is a stage of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division and is not a method of reproduction.

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