Nursing Elites

1. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary modifications required with Cushing syndrome?

• A. I should increase my intake of foods high in calcium.
• B. I should avoid foods with high sodium content.
• C. I need to decrease my intake of vitamin D.
• D. I should consume more potassium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I should avoid foods with high sodium content.' Clients with Cushing syndrome need to limit their sodium intake to help reduce fluid retention and manage hypertension, which are common complications of the syndrome. Increasing calcium intake (choice A) is not specifically indicated for Cushing syndrome. Decreasing vitamin D intake (choice C) is not a typical dietary modification for this condition. Consuming more potassium-rich foods (choice D) is not a primary focus of dietary modifications for Cushing syndrome.

2. A nurse is teaching a client with type 2 diabetes about the importance of foot care. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I should check my feet every day for cuts or blisters.
• B. I need to moisturize my feet daily, especially between my toes.
• C. I should wear comfortable shoes that fit well.
• D. I should avoid walking barefoot, even indoors.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Moisturizing between the toes can create a moist environment that fosters fungal infections. Checking the feet daily for cuts or blisters (choice A) is correct in diabetes management to prevent complications. Wearing comfortable shoes that fit well (choice C) and avoiding walking barefoot (choice D) are also essential in preventing foot ulcers and injuries in diabetic patients.

3. The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?

• A. Oxygen saturation of 90%
• B. Respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute
• C. Tidal volume of 300 ml
• D. Blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A tidal volume of 300 ml is concerning in a client with ARDS on mechanical ventilation because it indicates hypoventilation, which can lead to inadequate gas exchange and worsening respiratory status. This finding requires immediate intervention to optimize ventilation and oxygenation. Options A, B, and D are not as critical in this scenario. An oxygen saturation of 90% may be acceptable depending on the client's baseline condition and the target range set by the healthcare provider. A respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute is slightly elevated but may not be immediately alarming. A blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg is within normal limits and does not require urgent intervention.

4. A client with hypertension receives a prescription for enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Which instruction should the nurse include in the medication teaching plan?

• A. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods
• B. Report increased bruising or bleeding
• C. Stop medication if a cough develops
• D. Limit intake of leafy green vegetables

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include in the medication teaching plan for a client receiving enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, is to 'Report increased bruising or bleeding.' ACE inhibitors can cause thrombocytopenia, which can lead to an increased risk of bruising and bleeding. Monitoring and reporting these symptoms promptly are essential to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods, stopping medication if a cough develops, and limiting intake of leafy green vegetables are not directly related to the common side effects or actions of ACE inhibitors.

5. In caring for a client who is receiving linezolid IV for nosocomial pneumonia, which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to report to the healthcare provider?

• A. Watery diarrhea
• B. Nausea
• C. Headache
• D. Dizziness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Watery diarrhea. This finding is the most important to report as it may indicate Clostridioides difficile infection, a severe side effect of antibiotic therapy. Clostridioides difficile infection can lead to serious complications and requires immediate medical attention. Choices B, C, and D are common side effects of linezolid but are not as critical as watery diarrhea in this context.

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