Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

• A. Plasma membrane
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Nucleus.' Prokaryotic cells do not have a defined nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells. The plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes are all components found in prokaryotic cells. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and exits, the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

2. What is the most significant contributor to cellular function?

• A. Proteins
• B. Phospholipids
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Fatty acids

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Proteins. Proteins are the most significant contributor to cellular function as they play crucial roles in almost all biological processes. They act as enzymes that catalyze reactions, are involved in cell signaling pathways, and provide structural support to cells. Phospholipids (Choice B), while important for cell membrane structure, do not have the same diverse functions as proteins in cellular processes. Carbohydrates (Choice C) primarily serve as an energy source and structural components but are not as versatile in cellular functions as proteins. Fatty acids (Choice D) are essential components of cell membranes and energy storage molecules but do not have the same broad range of functions as proteins in cellular processes.

3. Which of the following serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the nucleus. The nucleus is indeed the information processing and administrative center of the cell as it contains the genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling cellular activities. The Golgi apparatus (Choice A) is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the cytoplasm (Choice B) is the fluid that fills the cell and provides a medium for organelles to be suspended, and lysosomes (Choice D) are responsible for digesting waste materials and foreign invaders. Therefore, the nucleus is the most appropriate choice for the given function.

4. Protein synthesis begins with a process known as transcription. Where does this process occur?

• A. In the cytoplasm
• B. In the nuclear envelope
• C. In the ribosome unit
• D. In the nucleus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: In the nucleus. Transcription, the initial step of protein synthesis, takes place in the nucleus where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. This mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where translation occurs on the ribosomes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because transcription specifically occurs in the nucleus, not in the cytoplasm, nuclear envelope, or ribosome unit.

5. Which of the following statements is true if a molecule exhibits adhesion?

• A. Two molecules of the same substance have the ability to stay bonded to one another
• B. The molecule has the ability to bond to or attract other molecules
• C. A molecule has the ability to increase its heat when necessary
• D. The molecule has the ability to form hydrogen bonds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that if a molecule exhibits adhesion, it has the ability to bond to or attract other molecules. Adhesion refers to the ability of a molecule to bind to or attract different types of molecules. Choice A is incorrect because adhesion is about bonding to different molecules, not the same substance. Choice C is incorrect as adhesion does not relate to the ability of a molecule to increase its heat. Choice D is incorrect because forming hydrogen bonds is a specific type of interaction and not a general characteristic of molecules exhibiting adhesion.

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