the nurse is teaching an obese client newly diagnosed with arteriosclerosis about reducing the risk of a heart attack or stroke which health promotion
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Nursing Elites

HESI RN

HESI Fundamentals

1. The client, who is newly diagnosed with arteriosclerosis and is obese, is being educated by the nurse on reducing the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Which health promotion brochure should the nurse provide to this client?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most significant risk factor contributing to arteriosclerosis is excess dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and cholesterol. Therefore, the most crucial brochure for the nurse to provide to the client focuses on decreasing cholesterol levels through diet to help reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.

2. The client is being instructed on the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler. Which instruction should be provided to ensure the optimal benefits from the drug?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct technique for using a metered-dose inhaler involves compressing the inhaler while slowly breathing in through the mouth. This method helps ensure that the medication reaches deep into the lungs, allowing for optimal bronchodilation effect. Inhaling quickly through the nose or filling the lungs with air before compressing the inhaler are not recommended techniques for using a metered-dose inhaler effectively.

3. The nurse finds a client crying behind a locked bathroom door. The client will not open the door. Which action should the nurse implement first?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When encountering a client in distress, the nurse's initial response should be to communicate with the client to assess the situation and provide support. By talking to the client and attempting to find out the reason for their distress, the nurse can offer appropriate assistance and ensure the client's well-being. This action prioritizes the client's emotional needs and helps establish a therapeutic relationship, which is essential in nursing care.

4. The client has received a new diagnosis of heart failure, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which instruction should the nurse include?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Avoiding foods high in sodium (choice B) is essential for clients with heart failure to prevent fluid retention and decrease the strain on the heart. High sodium intake can lead to fluid buildup, exacerbating heart failure symptoms. Increasing potassium intake (choice A) can be harmful in heart failure if not monitored closely as it can affect heart rhythm. Limiting fluid intake (choice C) may be necessary in some cases, but the specific amount should be individualized based on the client's condition. Increasing vitamin K intake (choice D) is not a primary concern in heart failure management and is more relevant for clients on anticoagulants to manage blood clotting.

5. A postoperative client has three different PRN analgesics prescribed for varying levels of pain. The nurse inadvertently administers a dose that is not within the prescribed parameters. What action should the nurse take first?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario where a nurse administers a medication outside the prescribed parameters, the immediate action should be to assess the client for any potential side effects of the medication. This is crucial to ensure the client's safety and well-being. By promptly assessing for side effects, the nurse can address any adverse reactions promptly and provide necessary interventions. Once the client's safety is ensured, documenting the client's responses, completing a medication error report, and assessing pain relief can follow as part of the broader response to the medication error. Choice B is not the first priority because the immediate concern is the potential harm from the incorrect dose. Choice C is also important but comes after ensuring the client's safety. Choice D focuses on the outcome rather than the immediate need to address any side effects of the medication.

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