HESI RN
HESI Fundamentals
1. The client, who is newly diagnosed with arteriosclerosis and is obese, is being educated by the nurse on reducing the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Which health promotion brochure should the nurse provide to this client?
- A. Monitoring Your Blood Pressure at Home
- B. Smoking Cessation as a Lifelong Commitment
- C. Decreasing Cholesterol Levels Through Diet
- D. Stress Management for a Healthier You
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most significant risk factor contributing to arteriosclerosis is excess dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and cholesterol. Therefore, the most crucial brochure for the nurse to provide to the client focuses on decreasing cholesterol levels through diet to help reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.
2. What is one of the roles of the oxytocin hormone?
- A. Stimulates milk ejection.
- B. Stimulates the production of milk.
- C. Stimulates the development of lactoferrin.
- D. Stimulates the secretion of relaxin.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Stimulates milk ejection.' Oxytocin is responsible for contracting the muscles around the milk ducts, pushing milk into the nipples for breastfeeding. This process is known as milk ejection or let-down. The other choices are incorrect because oxytocin's primary function is to facilitate milk ejection rather than directly stimulating the production of milk, the development of lactoferrin, or the secretion of relaxin.
3. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer atropine, an anticholinergic, to a client scheduled for a cholecystectomy. The client asks the provider to explain the reason for the prescribed medication. What response is best for the provider to provide?
- A. To increase gastric motility.
- B. To decrease the risk of bradycardia during surgery.
- C. To reduce secretions.
- D. To prevent nausea and vomiting.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Atropine, an anticholinergic medication, is used preoperatively to prevent bradycardia by increasing the automaticity of the sinoatrial node during surgical anesthesia. Choice A is incorrect because atropine does not affect gastric motility. Choice C is incorrect as atropine is not primarily used to reduce secretions. Choice D is also incorrect because preventing nausea and vomiting is not the primary purpose of administering atropine in this context.
4. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed home oxygen therapy. What teaching should the nurse provide?
- A. Ensure that the client uses oxygen continuously at night.
- B. Instruct the client to avoid smoking and exposure to smoke.
- C. Teach the client how to clean and replace the oxygen tubing.
- D. Instruct the client to increase their fluid intake.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct teaching for a client with COPD prescribed home oxygen therapy is to educate them on how to clean and replace the oxygen tubing. This is crucial to prevent infections and ensure the effectiveness of the oxygen delivery system. Option A is not necessary as oxygen therapy is usually prescribed as needed, not continuously at night. While smoking cessation and avoiding smoke exposure are important in COPD management, it is not directly related to home oxygen therapy. Increasing fluid intake is beneficial for some conditions but is not specifically related to home oxygen therapy for COPD.
5. A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing hyperglycemia. What laboratory value should the nurse monitor to evaluate long-term glucose control?
- A. Blood glucose level
- B. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
- C. Urine output
- D. Serum ketone level
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). Glycosylated hemoglobin reflects long-term glucose control over the past three months. Monitoring blood glucose levels provides information on the current glucose status and immediate control, but it does not give a comprehensive view of long-term control. Urine output and serum ketone levels are important indicators for other aspects of diabetes management, such as hydration status and ketone production during hyperglycemic episodes, but they do not directly reflect long-term glucose control.