HESI RN
Pharmacology HESI Quizlet
1. The client has reinforced instructions for taking cholestyramine (Questran). Which statement indicates a need for further instructions?
- A. I will continue taking vitamin supplements.
- B. This medication will help lower my cholesterol.
- C. This medication should only be taken with water.
- D. A high-fiber diet is important while taking this medication.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because cholestyramine should not only be taken with water. Flavored products or fruit juices can improve the taste. Choices A, B, and D are all correct statements. It is important for the client to continue taking vitamin supplements, understand that cholestyramine helps lower cholesterol, and maintain a high-fiber diet while taking this medication to enhance its effectiveness.
2. When providing instructions to a client taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro), which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Avoid taking the medication with milk or antacids.
- B. Take the medication with a multivitamin.
- C. Consume extra dairy products while taking this medication.
- D. Take the medication with food if gastrointestinal upset occurs.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro) with milk or antacids. These can interfere with the medication's absorption. Consuming extra dairy products or taking it with a multivitamin is not recommended for the same reason. If gastrointestinal upset occurs, the medication can be taken with food to help alleviate the symptoms.
3. A healthcare professional prepares to reinforce instructions to a client who is taking allopurinol (Zyloprim). The healthcare professional plans to include which of the following in the instructions?
- A. Instruct the client to drink 3000 mL of fluid per day.
- B. Instruct the client to take the medication with food.
- C. Inform the client that the effect of the medication will occur immediately.
- D. Instruct the client that, if swelling of the lips occurs, this is a normal expected response.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Allopurinol is an antigout medication that works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. To prevent kidney stones and promote the excretion of uric acid, increased fluid intake is essential. Instructing the client to drink 3000 mL of fluid per day helps to reduce the risk of kidney stones and assists in the elimination of uric acid, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of allopurinol therapy.
4. A client with portosystemic encephalopathy is receiving oral lactulose (Chronulac) daily. The nurse assesses which of the following to determine medication effectiveness?
- A. Lung sounds
- B. Blood pressure
- C. Blood ammonia level
- D. Serum potassium level
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In portosystemic encephalopathy, the liver's ability to detoxify ammonia is impaired, leading to elevated blood ammonia levels, which can cause neurological symptoms such as encephalopathy. Lactulose is given to reduce ammonia levels by promoting its excretion through the bowel. Therefore, assessing the blood ammonia level is crucial to determine the effectiveness of lactulose therapy in managing portosystemic encephalopathy.
5. A client with chronic pain is prescribed transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic) patches. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Apply the patch to a different site each time.
- B. Avoid using heating pads over the patch.
- C. Change the patch every 72 hours.
- D. Remove the old patch before applying the new one.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Clients using transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic) patches should avoid using heating pads over the patch as heat can increase the release of the medication, potentially leading to overdose. The patch should be applied to a different site each time, changed every 72 hours, and the old patch should be removed before applying a new one to prevent accidental overdose or excessive drug absorption.
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