scientific management and human relations based approach are two major theoretical management schools of thought which of the following best describes

HESI RN

Leadership and Management HESI

1. Scientific management and human relations-based approach are two major theoretical management schools of thought. Which of the following best describes the scientific model of management?

A. A nurse manager considers methods of motivating the staff to do their assigned tasks.
B. A nurse manager commends staff for the work they do, reminding them of the importance of their work and the lives they have saved.
C. A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency.
D. A conflict between two staff nurses has impacted an entire unit. The unit manager meets with the nurses and entire staff to promote mutual understanding.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because scientific management focuses on improving efficiency through the analysis of tasks and work processes. Choice A is more aligned with a human relations-based approach, which emphasizes motivation and relationships. Choice B reflects recognition and morale boosting, which is also characteristic of the human relations approach. Choice D involves conflict resolution and promoting mutual understanding, which is related to the human relations approach rather than scientific management.

2. A client with Cushing's syndrome is scheduled for surgery to remove an adrenal tumor. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications postoperatively?

A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyponatremia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Postoperative hypotension is a common complication after adrenal tumor removal in a client with Cushing's syndrome. This occurs due to the sudden withdrawal of cortisol, which leads to a relative adrenal insufficiency state. Hyperglycemia (Choice A) is more common preoperatively due to excessive cortisol levels. Hypokalemia (Choice C) and Hyponatremia (Choice D) are also associated with Cushing's syndrome but are less likely to be immediate postoperative complications compared to hypotension.

3. Why is it important to control blood glucose levels in type 2 DM?

A. Hypertension and kidney disease.
B. Weight gain and obesity.
C. Improved wound healing.
D. Decreased cholesterol levels.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Controlling blood glucose levels in type 2 DM is crucial to prevent complications. High blood glucose levels can lead to hypertension and kidney disease, as seen in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. These are common complications of uncontrolled diabetes. Weight gain and obesity (choice B) are influenced by factors such as diet and physical activity rather than blood glucose levels. Improved wound healing (choice C) is not directly related to blood glucose control but can be affected by it indirectly. Decreased cholesterol levels (choice D) are not a direct consequence of high blood glucose levels and are more related to dietary and lifestyle factors.

4. Which of the following best defines management?

A. A manager is someone who ensures that employees complete their work.
B. A manager controls the work of employees.
C. A manager organizes and controls a group of employees to get work done.
D. A manager accomplishes tasks through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best definition of management encompasses the comprehensive process of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups to achieve organizational goals. Choice A is too limited, focusing only on ensuring work completion. Choice B is overly restrictive as management involves more than mere control. Choice C is more specific than the correct answer, which encompasses a broader range of managerial functions.

5. Dr. Kennedy prescribes glipizide (Glucotrol), an oral antidiabetic agent, for a male client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been having trouble controlling the blood glucose level through diet and exercise. Which medication instruction should the nurse provide?

A. Be sure to take glipizide 30 minutes before meals.
B. Glipizide may cause a low serum sodium level, so make sure you have your sodium level checked monthly.
C. You won't need to check your blood glucose level after you start taking glipizide.
D. Take glipizide after a meal to prevent heartburn.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glipizide should be taken 30 minutes before meals to maximize its glucose-lowering effect.