Nursing Elites

1. A molecule's specific heat is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by:

• A. One degree Celsius
• B. Five degrees Celsius
• C. Two degrees Celsius
• D. Four degrees Celsius

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'One degree Celsius.' Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. This property is specific to each substance and is used in various calculations involving heat and temperature changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because specific heat is always measured per one degree Celsius increase in temperature for one gram of the substance, not five degrees, two degrees, or four degrees.

2. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from:

• A. Two identical cells
• B. A single cell
• C. Two cells
• D. Four daughter cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where a single parent cell divides to produce genetically identical offspring. The correct answer is 'B: A single cell' because asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of two cells. Choice A ('Two identical cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not involve two cells. Choice C ('Two cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction typically involves only one parent cell. Choice D ('Four daughter cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not necessarily involve the production of four daughter cells.

3. Which of the following serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the nucleus. The nucleus is indeed the information processing and administrative center of the cell as it contains the genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling cellular activities. The Golgi apparatus (Choice A) is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the cytoplasm (Choice B) is the fluid that fills the cell and provides a medium for organelles to be suspended, and lysosomes (Choice D) are responsible for digesting waste materials and foreign invaders. Therefore, the nucleus is the most appropriate choice for the given function.

4. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

• A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in protein synthesis and processing, making choice A incorrect. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transportation, so it is not directly involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, making choice C incorrect. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are not involved in lipid or steroid hormone synthesis, making choice D incorrect.

5. Which of the following is not true of mitosis?

• A. Mitosis produces daughter cells
• B. Mitosis has five main stages
• C. Mitosis can only be done by haploids
• D. Following mitosis, daughter cells are identical to parent cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mitosis occurs in diploid cells and involves stages that result in the production of two identical daughter cells. Haploids do not undergo mitosis, as mitosis is a process specific to diploid cells. Choice A is true as mitosis does produce daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect as mitosis typically consists of four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Choice D is true, as one of the main outcomes of mitosis is the production of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

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