Nursing Elites

1. What does Informed Consent mean?

• A. A patient has the right to know what a procedure involves before it is performed.
• B. Forcing all patients scheduled for surgery to sign a consent form.
• C. Telling the patient to sign the consent form without explanation.
• D. Allowing patients to undergo procedures without their consent.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Informed Consent means that a patient has the right to be informed about what a procedure involves before it is performed. Choice B is incorrect because consent should not be forced, and patients should have the opportunity to understand what they are agreeing to. Choice C is incorrect as it goes against the essence of informed consent, which requires explanation. Choice D is incorrect as it contradicts the fundamental principle of requiring patient consent before procedures.

2. Which of the following is included in a pelvic examination?

• A. Inspection of internal genitalia
• B. Inspection of the cervix and vaginal wall
• C. Palpation of the vagina and vaginal cervix by digital examination
• D. Rectal examination

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A pelvic examination involves the inspection of the cervix and vaginal wall. This is typically done to assess the health of the reproductive organs and screen for any abnormalities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while palpation and digital examination may be part of a pelvic exam, the specific focus on the cervix and vaginal wall is a key component that distinguishes it from other types of examinations.

3. What causes the changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Estrogen
• D. Testosterone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During puberty, boys experience physical changes such as growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. These changes are primarily driven by the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because prolactin, adrenaline, and estrogen do not play a significant role in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.

4. Septic abortion is characterized by:

• A. Backache.
• B. Os open.
• C. Heavy bleeding.
• D. Maternal pyrexia.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Septic abortion is characterized by maternal pyrexia. Maternal pyrexia, or fever, is a hallmark sign of septic abortion due to infection. Backache and heavy bleeding can be present in abortion but are not specific to septic abortion. 'Os open' does not directly characterize septic abortion.

5. What forms the vaginal lining?

• A. Squamous epithelium
• B. Stratified epithelium
• C. Vascular connective tissue
• D. Muscle coat

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The vaginal lining is primarily formed by squamous epithelium. Squamous epithelium is the correct answer because it is the type of epithelium that lines the vaginal canal. Stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers and is not the primary type found in the vaginal lining. Vascular connective tissue and muscle coat are not the main components of the vaginal lining, making them incorrect choices.

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