Nursing Elites

1. At the beginning of meiosis, how many chromosomes does the diploid parent cell have?

• A. 23
• B. 24
• C. 46
• D. 54

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 46. At the start of meiosis, the diploid parent cell contains 46 chromosomes. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in each gamete having 23 chromosomes. Choice A (23) is incorrect because that is the number of chromosomes in a human gamete, not the parent cell. Choice B (24) and Choice D (54) are also incorrect as they do not reflect the correct number of chromosomes in a diploid parent cell at the beginning of meiosis.

2. What is the most important function of carbohydrates?

• A. Store and provide energy for the body
• B. Create amino acids
• C. Maintain body temperature
• D. Insulate body organs against shock

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most important function of carbohydrates is to store and provide energy for the body through metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used as the primary source of energy for various cellular functions. Choice B is incorrect because amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not directly created by carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature is primarily controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as insulation of body organs against shock is mainly provided by adipose tissue, not carbohydrates.

3. What are the two primary products of photosynthesis?

• A. Sugar and oxygen
• B. Sugar and carbon dioxide
• C. Oxygen and nitrogen
• D. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sugar and oxygen. During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen using sunlight. Choice B, 'Sugar and carbon dioxide,' is incorrect because carbon dioxide is one of the reactants, not a product. Choice C, 'Oxygen and nitrogen,' is incorrect as nitrogen is not a direct product of photosynthesis. Choice D, 'Nitrogen and carbon dioxide,' is incorrect because nitrogen is not a product of photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide is a reactant.

4. Which of the following options correctly lists the five stages of mitosis in order from beginning to end?

• A. Prophase, Prometaphase, Telophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
• B. Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• C. Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Telophase
• D. Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase, Prophase, Prometaphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of the stages of mitosis is Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Choice A is incorrect because it has Anaphase and Metaphase in the wrong order. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Metaphase, which is not the first stage of mitosis. Choice D is incorrect as it also has the stages in the wrong order, and it starts with Metaphase, which is incorrect.

5. A molecule's specific heat is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by:

• A. One degree Celsius
• B. Five degrees Celsius
• C. Two degrees Celsius
• D. Four degrees Celsius

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'One degree Celsius.' Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. This property is specific to each substance and is used in various calculations involving heat and temperature changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because specific heat is always measured per one degree Celsius increase in temperature for one gram of the substance, not five degrees, two degrees, or four degrees.

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