HESI RN
HESI Practice Test Pediatrics
1. A parent of a 2-month-old infant, who was treated for pyloric stenosis, is receiving discharge instructions from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We will burp our baby more frequently during feedings
- B. We should feed our baby in an upright position
- C. We will lay our baby on their stomach after feeding
- D. We will start feeding our baby with small, frequent feedings
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing infants on their stomach after feeding increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It is important to educate parents to always place infants on their back to sleep to reduce this risk.
2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing shortness of breath and has a prescription for oxygen therapy. What is the maximum amount of oxygen the nurse should administer without a healthcare provider's order?
- A. 2 liters per minute
- B. 4 liters per minute
- C. 6 liters per minute
- D. 8 liters per minute
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 4 liters per minute. Without a healthcare provider's order, the nurse should administer a maximum of 4 liters per minute of oxygen to prevent carbon dioxide retention in COPD clients. Higher flow rates can lead to oxygen toxicity and worsen the client's condition. Choices A, C, and D exceed the safe limit for oxygen administration without a healthcare provider's order.
3. The nurse is developing a workshop on cancer prevention for a group of adults at a wellness bar. Which recommendation should the nurse include in the workshop?
- A. Know the four warning signs of cancer
- B. Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly
- C. Refrain from alcohol
- D. Obtain at least 6 to 10 hours of sleep per night
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly are crucial recommendations in cancer prevention. These habits help reduce the risk of developing cancer by promoting overall health and reducing factors associated with cancer development. Knowing the warning signs of cancer (Choice A) is important for early detection but does not directly prevent cancer. While refraining from alcohol (Choice C) is beneficial for some cancers, it is not as universally applicable as maintaining a healthy weight and exercising. Getting adequate sleep (Choice D) is essential for overall health but is not as directly linked to cancer prevention as maintaining a healthy weight and regular exercise.
4. What action should be taken by the healthcare provider for a child who has ingested a corrosive product?
- A. Induce vomiting using Ipecac to remove the corrosive agent.
- B. Administer vinegar or lemon juice to neutralize the caustic agent.
- C. Give activated charcoal to decontaminate the stomach.
- D. Telephone the poison control center and follow their advice.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cases of corrosive product ingestion, it is crucial to contact the poison control center for guidance. Inducing vomiting or attempting to neutralize the agent can lead to further harm. The poison control center professionals are trained to provide specific instructions tailored to the situation, ensuring the best possible outcome for the child. Therefore, the correct action is to call the poison control center for appropriate advice. Inducing vomiting can cause additional damage by re-exposing the esophagus and mouth to the corrosive substance. Administering vinegar or lemon juice is not recommended as it may worsen the situation by causing a chemical reaction. While activated charcoal can be useful in some cases of poisoning, it is not recommended for corrosive substances as it is ineffective in binding to them.
5. A 3-year-old boy with a congenital heart defect is brought to the clinic by his mother. During the assessment, the mother asks the nurse why her child is at the 5th percentile for growth. What response is best for the nurse to provide?
- A. Does your child seem mentally slower than his peers also?
- B. His smaller size is probably due to the heart disease
- C. Haven't you been feeding him according to recommended daily allowances for children?
- D. You should not worry about the growth tables. They are only averages for children
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Heart disease can affect growth, leading to smaller size in children.