HESI RN
HESI Fundamentals Practice Test
1. A high school senior is complaining of a persistent cough and admits to smoking 10 to 15 cigarettes daily for the past year. He is convinced that he is hopelessly addicted to tobacco since he tried unsuccessfully to quit smoking last week. Which intervention is best for the nurse to implement?
- A. Encourage the student to associate with non-smokers only while attempting to stop smoking.
- B. Tell the student that he is still young and should continue trying various smoking cessation methods.
- C. Describe cigarette smoking as a habit that requires a strong will to overcome its addictiveness.
- D. Provide the student with the latest research data describing the long-term effects of tobacco use.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Adolescents are particularly influenced by peers, so associating with non-smokers may help the student quit smoking. By being surrounded by non-smokers, the student is less likely to feel pressured to smoke and may be encouraged to adopt healthier behaviors. This intervention leverages the power of social influence to support smoking cessation efforts and create a more conducive environment for the student to quit smoking. Choices B, C, and D do not address the social aspect of smoking behavior and the influence of peers on smoking habits, making them less effective interventions in this case.
2. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, nurse Sharmaine would be most accurate in stating:
- A. The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast.
- B. It appears you aren't following the prescribed diabetic diet.
- C. It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months.
- D. Your insulin regimen needs to be significantly altered.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. This test is used to assess long-term blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes. Choice A is incorrect because fasting is not required for an HbA1c test. Choice B is judgmental and not supported by the information provided. Choice D is not the most accurate statement to make based on the HbA1c result; adjusting insulin would depend on a more comprehensive assessment of the client's overall diabetes management.
3. A male client with rheumatoid arthritis is scheduled for a procedure in the morning. The procedure cannot be completed because of early morning stiffness. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Assign a UAP to assist the client with a warm shower early in the morning.
- B. Provide the client with a warm blanket to reduce stiffness.
- C. Delay the procedure until the client is less stiff.
- D. Encourage the client to perform range-of-motion exercises.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A warm shower can help reduce morning stiffness, making the procedure more comfortable for the client. This intervention promotes comfort and mobility, addressing the immediate issue of stiffness. Providing a warm blanket (choice B) may offer some comfort but will not address the stiffness as effectively as a warm shower. Delaying the procedure (choice C) may inconvenience the client and not address the underlying stiffness issue. Encouraging range-of-motion exercises (choice D) is important for long-term management but may not provide immediate relief from the stiffness that is hindering the procedure.
4. Which drink choice on a hot day indicates that a teenager with sickle cell anemia understands dietary considerations related to the disease?
- A. Milkshake
- B. Iced tea
- C. Diet cola
- D. Lemonade
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Lemonade is the correct choice for a teenager with sickle cell anemia as it provides hydration without caffeine, which is important for individuals with this condition. Caffeine can lead to dehydration, vasoconstriction, and potentially worsen symptoms in sickle cell anemia patients. Milkshake (choice A) may contain dairy, which can be high in fat and may not be the best choice for someone with sickle cell anemia. Iced tea (choice B) and diet cola (choice C) both contain caffeine, which should be avoided by individuals with sickle cell anemia due to its dehydrating effects.
5. What type of tissue lines the testes?
- A. Glandular tissue.
- B. Squamous epithelium.
- C. Transitional epithelium.
- D. Stratified epithelium.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glandular tissue. The testes are lined with seminiferous tubules, which contain germ cells and Sertoli cells that are involved in sperm production. These cells are part of the glandular tissue that makes up the testes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because squamous, transitional, and stratified epithelium are not typically found lining the testes. Squamous epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue found in areas like the skin, transitional epithelium lines organs like the bladder, and stratified epithelium is present in structures like the skin and esophagus.