HESI RN
HESI Medical Surgical Specialty Exam
1. A confused client with pneumonia is admitted with an indwelling catheter in place. During interdisciplinary rounds the following day, which question should the nurse ask the primary health care provider?
- A. Do you want daily weights on this client?
- B. Will the client be able to return home?
- C. Can we discontinue the indwelling catheter?
- D. Should we get another chest x-ray today?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An indwelling catheter dramatically increases the risks of urinary tract infection and urosepsis. Nursing staff should ensure that catheters are left in place only as long as they are medically needed. The nurse should inquire about removing the catheter. All other questions might be appropriate, but because of client safety, this question takes priority.
2. Which of the following traits is characteristic of a caring leader?
- A. A caring leader serves first and leads second.
- B. A caring leader is aware of the feelings of others.
- C. The traits of a caring leader include respecting coworkers as individuals and empathizing with the needs and concerns of others.
- D. A caring leader is fair and honest.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A caring leader is characterized by respecting coworkers as individuals and empathizing with their needs and concerns. Choice A is more about servant leadership rather than specifically about caring leadership. Choice B, while related to empathy, does not encompass the full spectrum of traits associated with a caring leader. Choice D, being fair and honest, is important in leadership but does not solely define a caring leader.
3. What is the primary purpose of the logrolling technique for turning?
- A. To decrease the risk of back injury by working together.
- B. To maintain straight spinal alignment.
- C. To increase client safety by using two or three people.
- D. To reduce the likelihood of skin damage by turning instead of pulling.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To maintain straight spinal alignment. Logrolling is a technique used to carefully turn a client while keeping the spine in a straight line, especially important for those with spinal injuries or after back surgery. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose is not specifically to decrease the risk of back injury but to ensure safe turning. Choice C is incorrect as the main aim is not to increase client safety by using multiple people but to protect the spine. Choice D is incorrect because the primary purpose of logrolling is not to prevent skin damage but to safeguard the spine during turning.
4. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new prescription for warfarin (Coumadin). Which dietary instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K
- B. Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
- C. Consume a consistent amount of foods high in potassium
- D. Limit intake of high-protein foods
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct dietary instruction for a client taking warfarin is to avoid foods high in vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Consuming foods high in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables, can antagonize the effects of warfarin, potentially leading to treatment inefficacy or fluctuations in anticoagulation levels. Therefore, clients on warfarin therapy should be advised to avoid foods high in vitamin K to maintain the effectiveness of the medication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing leafy green vegetables (choice B) would introduce more vitamin K, consuming a consistent amount of foods high in potassium (choice C) is not directly related to warfarin therapy, and limiting high-protein foods (choice D) is not a specific concern for clients on warfarin therapy.
5. What is the most effective way to implement a teaching plan?
- A. Teach the information that the learner wants to learn first.
- B. Streamline the teaching plan to include only essential information.
- C. Present to the learner all the necessary information to meet the objectives.
- D. Provide the learner with written material to review before teaching sessions.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most effective way to implement a teaching plan is to teach the information that the learner wants to learn first. Teaching should be learner-centered, responding to the individual's needs and preferences. Learning is most successful when it addresses the specific interests and goals of the learner, as it increases motivation and engagement. By starting with what the learner is interested in, you can create a more effective and engaging learning experience.