HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Proctored Exam Quizlet
1. Which of these findings would the nurse most closely associate with anemia in a 10-month-old infant?
- A. Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL
- B. Pale mucosa of the eyelids and lips
- C. Hypoactivity
- D. A heart rate between 140 to 160
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Pale mucosa of the eyelids and lips is a classic sign of anemia in infants, indicating a lack of sufficient red blood cells. This finding is due to decreased hemoglobin levels, which causes reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. Choices A, C, and D are less specific to anemia in infants. While a hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL may be within the normal range for a 10-month-old infant, the presence of pale mucosa is a more indicative sign of anemia.
2. When planning a scoliosis screening clinic, which age group should be included?
- A. early adolescent girls
- B. late adolescent boys
- C. 7-10 year old boys
- D. preschoolers of both genders
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is early adolescent girls. Scoliosis is most commonly diagnosed during early adolescence, with girls being more affected than boys. Including early adolescent girls in the screening clinic aligns with the age group that is at higher risk for scoliosis. Late adolescent boys (choice B) are less likely to develop scoliosis compared to early adolescent girls. 7-10 year old boys (choice C) are typically younger than the age group where scoliosis is commonly diagnosed. Preschoolers of both genders (choice D) are too young for scoliosis screening as the condition usually manifests during adolescence.
3. Which factors tend to increase the difficulty of diagnosing young children who demonstrate behaviors associated with mental illness? Select all that apply.
- A. Limited language skills
- B. Level of cognitive development
- C. Level of emotional development
- D. Parental denial that a problem exists
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Level of cognitive development. The level of cognitive development is a crucial factor that can complicate the diagnosis of mental illness in young children. Young children may not have fully developed cognitive abilities to express their symptoms or understand diagnostic procedures, making it challenging for healthcare providers to assess their mental health accurately. Limited language skills (choice A) can hinder communication but are not as significant as cognitive development in diagnosing mental illness. Emotional development (choice C) is important but may not be as directly linked to the diagnostic challenges as cognitive development. Parental denial (choice D), although a potential barrier, is not a factor inherent to the child's characteristics affecting the diagnostic process.
4. When should oral hygiene practices start for an infant according to the American Dental Association guidelines?
- A. There is no need to begin until after all of the child's baby teeth are in.
- B. You don't have to worry about that until your child can handle a toothbrush.
- C. You can begin now using toothpaste on a gauze pad and wiping the gums.
- D. Begin wiping the teeth with a washcloth and water when the first tooth appears.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: According to the American Dental Association guidelines, oral hygiene practices should start as soon as the first tooth appears. At this stage, using a soft cloth and water to clean the infant's gums and teeth is recommended to establish good oral hygiene habits early on and prevent dental issues. Choice A is incorrect as waiting until all baby teeth are in is too late for starting oral hygiene practices. Choice B is incorrect as it is essential to start oral hygiene before the child can handle a toothbrush. Choice C is incorrect as using toothpaste on a gauze pad is not recommended for infants with emerging teeth.
5. Which department of the Government ministries was given the mandate to pilot a draft population policy?
- A. The department of planning and development
- B. National census
- C. Human rights
- D. Central statistics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The department of planning and development. In the extract provided, it explicitly mentions that this department was tasked with piloting the population policy. The other choices are incorrect because the National census is primarily responsible for collecting demographic data, Human rights focus on ensuring and protecting human rights, and Central statistics deal with statistical data collection and analysis, none of which directly align with piloting a population policy.