Nursing Elites

1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about menstruation?

• A. The average amount of menstrual flow is 50 to 90 ml.
• B. The menstrual flow constitutes serous fluid, necrotic slough.
• C. The cycle is influenced by the ovarian hormones Estrogen and progesterone.
• D. The menstrual flow has non-clotting blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The statement that menstrual flow has non-clotting blood is incorrect because menstrual blood can indeed clot. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about menstruation. Choice A reflects the average amount of menstrual flow, choice B describes the components of menstrual flow, and choice C correctly identifies the ovarian hormones that influence the menstrual cycle.

2. Where does fertilization normally occur?

• A. Ampulla
• B. Interstitial portion
• C. Isthmus
• D. Infundibulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The ampulla provides the ideal environment for fertilization due to the presence of cilia that help transport the egg and sperm, as well as the nourishing fluid within this region. The interstitial portion, isthmus, and infundibulum of the fallopian tube are not the primary sites for fertilization. The interstitial portion connects the fallopian tube to the uterine cavity, the isthmus is the narrowest part near the uterus, and the infundibulum is the funnel-shaped end near the ovary, where the egg is captured after ovulation.

3. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?

• A. The placenta secretes insulin.
• B. The placenta facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients between mother and fetus.
• C. The placenta provides immunological protection to the fetus.
• D. The placenta stores fat-soluble vitamins for the fetus.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The placenta serves as a crucial organ during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) between the mother and the developing fetus. This exchange is vital for the fetus's growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The placenta does not secrete insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas. While the placenta provides some immune support to the fetus, its main role is not immunological protection. Additionally, storing fat-soluble vitamins is not a primary function of the placenta.

4. What is the typical measurement of the anterior wall of the vaginal canal?

• A. 10 cm
• B. 11 cm
• C. 11.5 cm
• D. 7.5 cm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The typical measurement of the anterior wall of the vaginal canal is 7.5 cm. This measurement is anatomically accurate, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C provide measurements that are larger than the typical measurement of the anterior wall of the vaginal canal and are therefore incorrect.

5. What is the area of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are inserted known as?

• A. Fundus
• B. Corpus or body
• C. Cavity
• D. Cornua

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cornua. The cornua refers to the upper, horn-like parts of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are inserted. The fundus (choice A) is the rounded top portion of the uterus, the corpus or body (choice B) is the main part of the uterus excluding the cervix and fundus, and the cavity (choice C) refers to the internal space within the uterus. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically denote the area where the fallopian tubes are inserted.

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