HESI RN
Reproductive System Exam Quizlet
1. Which of the following is the most effective method of contraception?
- A. Barrier methods
- B. Hormonal pills
- C. Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
- D. Sterilization
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Sterilization is considered the most effective method of contraception because it permanently prevents pregnancy. Barrier methods, hormonal pills, and IUDs are highly effective as well, but they are reversible methods and may have a higher failure rate compared to sterilization.
2. What intervention should the nurse implement first for a male toddler brought to the emergency center approximately three hours after swallowing tablets from his grandmother’s bottle of digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- A. Administer activated charcoal orally
- B. Prepare gastric lavage
- C. Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram
- D. Give IV digoxin immune fab (Digibind)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cases of digoxin toxicity, IV digoxin immune fab (Digibind) is the antidote and should be administered first to counteract the effects of digoxin poisoning. This intervention is crucial in managing digoxin overdose and should be initiated promptly to improve patient outcomes. Activated charcoal and gastric lavage are not effective in treating digoxin poisoning and may not be beneficial at this stage. While obtaining an electrocardiogram is important to assess cardiac function, administering the antidote should take precedence to address the immediate life-threatening effects of digoxin toxicity.
3. A client with hypertension receives a prescription for enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which instruction should the nurse include in the medication teaching plan?
- A. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. Report increased bruising or bleeding.
- C. Stop medication if a cough develops.
- D. Limit intake of leafy green vegetables.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include in the medication teaching plan is to 'Report increased bruising or bleeding.' ACE inhibitors can cause thrombocytopenia, which lowers platelet count and increases the risk of bruising and bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because while ACE inhibitors may cause potassium levels to increase, the instruction should not be to increase intake of potassium-rich foods without healthcare provider guidance. Choice C is incorrect because a cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors due to bradykinin accumulation, and stopping the medication abruptly is not recommended without consulting the healthcare provider. Choice D is incorrect because there is no need to limit intake of leafy green vegetables specifically with ACE inhibitors; however, consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods is recommended to maintain a stable INR for clients taking anticoagulants.
4. A 2-year-old child is admitted with severe dehydration due to gastroenteritis. Which assessment finding indicates that the child's condition is improving?
- A. Decreased heart rate.
- B. Sunken fontanelle.
- C. Increased urine output.
- D. Dry mucous membranes.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increased urine output is a positive sign indicating that the child's hydration status is improving. It suggests that the kidneys are functioning more effectively and able to excrete urine, which is a crucial indicator of improved hydration levels in a dehydrated patient. Decreased heart rate (Choice A) can be a sign of possible shock. A sunken fontanelle (Choice B) is a sign of dehydration. Dry mucous membranes (Choice D) are also indicative of dehydration.
5. A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with pneumonia. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Oxygen saturation of 88%
- B. Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute
- C. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute
- D. Productive cough with green sputum
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a client with COPD admitted with pneumonia, a productive cough with green sputum indicates a potential bacterial infection. Green sputum is commonly associated with bacterial pneumonia, which requires immediate intervention with appropriate antibiotics. Monitoring oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and heart rate are essential in COPD patients, but the presence of green sputum suggests an urgent need for targeted treatment to address the underlying infection. Oxygen saturation of 88% is concerning but may not directly indicate the need for immediate intervention in the absence of other critical symptoms. Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute and a heart rate of 90 beats per minute are within normal limits and may not be indicative of an acute issue requiring immediate intervention in this context.