Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone regulates the production of milk after childbirth?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for regulating the production of milk after childbirth. It stimulates the mammary glands in the breasts to produce milk. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is responsible for the ejection of milk from the breasts. Estrogen and progesterone play roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy but are not directly involved in milk production. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

2. Which hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Progesterone
• C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests. During pregnancy, the placenta produces hCG, which can be detected in the urine or blood to confirm pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone are also essential hormones in pregnancy but are not typically used for pregnancy tests. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, not pregnancy.

3. Which of the following Leopold maneuvers assesses the fetal lie?

• A. Fundal grip
• B. Umbilical grip
• C. Pawlick grip
• D. Pelvic grip

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fundal grip. Fundal grip is a specific Leopold maneuver used to assess the fetal lie by palpating the upper abdomen to determine the position of the baby's back and presenting part. This maneuver helps healthcare providers understand the orientation of the fetus within the uterus. Choice B, Umbilical grip, is not a recognized Leopold maneuver and does not assess fetal lie. Choice C, Pawlick grip, and choice D, Pelvic grip, are also not part of the standard Leopold maneuvers used to determine fetal lie.

4. What causes the changes in appearance seen in boys at the time of puberty?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Estrogen
• D. Testosterone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During puberty, boys experience physical changes such as growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. These changes are primarily driven by the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Therefore, the correct answer is testosterone. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because prolactin, adrenaline, and estrogen do not play a significant role in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.

5. Which of the following are layers of endometrium in pregnancy EXCEPT?

• A. Decidua compacta
• B. Decidua spongiosum
• C. Decidua functionalis
• D. Decidua basalis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During pregnancy, the layers of endometrium include decidua compacta, decidua spongiosum, and decidua basalis. Decidua functionalis is the layer that sheds during menstruation and regenerates each cycle, not a layer of the endometrium during pregnancy. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Decidua compacta is the layer closest to the conceptus, decidua spongiosum is the middle layer, and decidua basalis is the layer adjacent to the myometrium.

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