Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?

• A. Progesterone
• B. Testosterone
• C. Estrogen
• D. Oxytocin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone, while important in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, is not primarily responsible for secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone. Oxytocin is involved in labor, lactation, and social bonding, but not in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

2. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?

• A. The placenta secretes insulin.
• B. The placenta facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients between mother and fetus.
• C. The placenta provides immunological protection to the fetus.
• D. The placenta stores fat-soluble vitamins for the fetus.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The placenta serves as a crucial organ during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) between the mother and the developing fetus. This exchange is vital for the fetus's growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The placenta does not secrete insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas. While the placenta provides some immune support to the fetus, its main role is not immunological protection. Additionally, storing fat-soluble vitamins is not a primary function of the placenta.

3. What is one goal of family planning?

• A. Ensuring that all couples and individuals have the basic right to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children
• B. Limiting couples and individuals to one or two children
• C. Forcing couples and individuals to have only one child and adopt siblings from an orphanage
• D. Providing a permanent method of family planning after having three children

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Family planning aims to ensure that all couples and individuals have the basic right to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children. This promotes reproductive autonomy and allows individuals to make informed choices about their family size. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they involve imposing restrictions or decisions on family size rather than empowering individuals to make their own choices.

4. What is the measurement of the breast areola?

• A. 3.5cm
• B. 2.5cm
• C. 4.5cm
• D. 1.5cm

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 2.5 cm. The average measurement of the areola is approximately 2.5 cm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical measurement of the breast areola.

5. In which of the following types of spontaneous abortions would the nurse assess dark brown vaginal discharge and a negative pregnancy test?

• A. Threatened
• B. Imminent
• C. Missed
• D. Incomplete

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dark brown vaginal discharge and a negative pregnancy test are characteristic of a missed abortion. In a missed abortion, the fetus has died, but the products of conception are retained in the uterus. This can lead to symptoms like dark brown vaginal discharge as the body tries to expel the nonviable pregnancy. A threatened abortion is characterized by vaginal bleeding without dilation of the cervix, and the pregnancy remains viable. Imminent abortion involves cervical dilation and effacement with no passage of tissue. In an incomplete abortion, only part of the products of conception are expelled, leading to persistent bleeding and cramping.

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