HESI RN
HESI Community Health
1. When developing a presentation on injury prevention for high school students in a health education class, which topic is most important for the nurse to include?
- A. Sports-related injuries
- B. Substance abuse
- C. Seat belt safety
- D. Pregnancy prevention
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Seat belt safety. This topic is crucial as it can significantly reduce the risk of injury or death in car accidents, which is a common cause of severe injuries among high school students. While sports-related injuries, substance abuse, and pregnancy prevention are important topics, seat belt safety directly addresses a preventable cause of injuries that can have immediate life-saving effects.
2. The wife of an older adult man who has had diabetes mellitus for the past 10 years reports to the home health nurse that her husband fell yesterday while taking his daily walk in the neighborhood. He has a bruised hand and a small abrasion on his left knee. The nurse assesses that his neurologic vital signs are stable. To reduce the risk for future falls, which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?
- A. current blood sugar level
- B. degree of paresthesia in feet
- C. wound healing of knee abrasion
- D. A1c glycosylated hemoglobin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Assessing for paresthesia (numbness or tingling) in the feet is crucial in this scenario as it can help determine if the client has a loss of sensation, which increases the risk of falls. Paresthesia is a common complication of diabetes that can lead to decreased sensation and proprioception in the feet, contributing to balance issues and an increased risk of falls. Monitoring for paresthesia allows the nurse to assess the extent of sensory impairment and implement appropriate interventions to prevent future falls. While monitoring blood sugar levels (choice A) and A1c levels (choice D) are important in managing diabetes, in this case, assessing paresthesia takes precedence due to its direct impact on fall risk. Similarly, while monitoring the wound healing of the knee abrasion (choice C) is important for overall wound care, it is not directly related to reducing the risk of future falls in this situation.
3. While assessing a client receiving a blood transfusion, which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Temperature of 100.4°F (38°C).
- B. Blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg.
- C. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute.
- D. Complaints of feeling cold.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A heart rate of 90 beats per minute requires immediate intervention when assessing a client receiving a blood transfusion. This finding can indicate a potential transfusion reaction, such as a hemolytic reaction or fluid overload, which requires prompt evaluation and management to prevent serious complications. While a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) may indicate a mild fever, it is not typically an immediate concern during a blood transfusion. A blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg is within the normal range and does not necessitate immediate intervention. Complaints of feeling cold can be addressed but do not indicate an urgent need for intervention compared to the critical nature of a potential transfusion reaction indicated by an elevated heart rate.
4. A community health nurse is conducting a needs assessment in a rural area. Which data source is most likely to provide comprehensive information about the community's health status?
- A. Focus groups with community members
- B. Local hospital admission records
- C. State health department reports
- D. Surveys conducted by healthcare providers
Correct answer: C
Rationale: State health department reports are the most likely data source to provide comprehensive information about the community's health status. These reports offer a broad overview of health statistics and trends that can guide community health interventions. Focus groups with community members, although valuable for gathering qualitative insights, may not provide comprehensive health status data. Local hospital admission records are limited to specific healthcare utilization data and do not capture the overall health status of the entire community. Surveys conducted by healthcare providers may offer some insights but may not provide the breadth and depth of information available in state health department reports.
5. A client with a history of diabetes mellitus is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Blood glucose of 200 mg/dL.
- B. Serum bicarbonate of 20 mEq/L.
- C. Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg.
- D. Urine output of 50 mL in 4 hours.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), urine output of 50 mL in 4 hours indicates oliguria, which is a concerning sign of decreased renal perfusion and potential renal failure. This finding requires immediate intervention to prevent further deterioration of kidney function.\n\nChoice A (Blood glucose of 200 mg/dL) is elevated but not the most urgent concern in this scenario. Choice B (Serum bicarbonate of 20 mEq/L) reflects metabolic acidosis, which is expected in DKA but does not require immediate intervention. Choice C (Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg) is slightly elevated but not acutely concerning in the context of DKA.
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