Nursing Elites

1. What cell structure is responsible for efficiently packaging DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Chromatin
• C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chromatin is the correct answer. Chromatin is responsible for packaging DNA into a more compact, dense structure to fit into the nucleus and protect the DNA. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, not DNA. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell responsible for energy production, not DNA packaging.

2. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction. Which of the following occurs during the binary fission process?

• A. The chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane
• B. The chromosomes attach to the spindle formed along the axis
• C. The chromosomes gather in the center of the cell
• D. The chromosomes begin to separate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In binary fission, the chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane before the cell splits into two. This initial step ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because the spindle apparatus is characteristic of eukaryotic cell division (mitosis), not prokaryotic binary fission. Choice C is incorrect as chromosomes do not necessarily gather in the center of the cell during binary fission. Choice D is incorrect because the chromosomes do not begin to separate in binary fission; they replicate and then move to opposite ends of the cell before division.

3. What is the liquid found inside the cell?

• A. Plasma membrane
• B. Cilia
• C. Cytoplasm
• D. Cytosol

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cytosol. Cytosol is the liquid component of the cytoplasm where various cellular processes occur. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the plasma membrane is the outer boundary of the cell, cilia are hair-like structures on the cell surface, and cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that contains organelles within the cell, not the liquid inside the cell.

4. What is the smallest and most basic unit of matter?

• A. Micromolecule
• B. Atom
• C. Organelle
• D. Molecule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Atom. An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. Choice A, Micromolecule, is incorrect because molecules are composed of atoms bonded together, making them larger than individual atoms. Choice C, Organelle, is incorrect as organelles are structures within cells, not the basic unit of matter. Choice D, Molecule, is incorrect as molecules are made up of atoms bonded together, so they are not the smallest unit of matter.

5. A water molecule contains two types of atoms that are covalently bonded. Which of the following makes up a water molecule?

• A. One hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom
• B. One hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms
• C. Two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms
• D. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. This forms a stable structure known as H2O. Choice A is incorrect as water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms. Choices B and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct composition of a water molecule.

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