HESI RN
HESI Medical Surgical Exam
1. The client with chronic renal failure is being taught about dietary restrictions by the nurse. Which of the following food items should the client avoid?
- A. Apples
- B. Bananas
- C. Chicken
- D. Rice
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bananas. Bananas are high in potassium, which should be limited in clients with chronic renal failure to prevent hyperkalemia. Apples (choice A), chicken (choice C), and rice (choice D) are not typically restricted in clients with chronic renal failure. Apples and rice are lower in potassium, while chicken is a good source of lean protein, which is usually encouraged in these clients to meet their protein needs without excess potassium intake.
2. A client taking ethambutol (Myambutol) understands the instructions provided by the nurse if the client states that he or she will immediately report:
- A. Impaired sense of hearing
- B. Problems with visual acuity
- C. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects
- D. Orange-red discoloration of body secretions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Problems with visual acuity. Ethambutol is known to cause optic neuritis, leading to a decrease in visual acuity and color discrimination. Therefore, any visual changes should be reported promptly to prevent further complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because ethambutol does not typically cause impaired sense of hearing, gastrointestinal side effects, or orange-red discoloration of body secretions. It is crucial for clients taking ethambutol to be aware of potential visual disturbances and report them promptly to healthcare providers.
3. A nurse is assisting with the development of an education program for a community group about intake of vitamins and minerals in the diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of vitamin C?
- A. ½ cup green pepper
- B. 1 medium orange
- C. ½ cup cabbage
- D. 1 medium tomato
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1 medium orange. Oranges are well-known for being rich in vitamin C, an essential nutrient for immune function and skin health. While choices A, C, and D also contain some vitamin C, the medium orange provides a higher amount of this vitamin compared to a ½ cup of green pepper, ½ cup of cabbage, or a medium tomato.
4. Cryptorchidism is a condition where _________.
- A. One or both testes are not developed
- B. One or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum
- C. One or both testes are not formed
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This means that the testes do not properly move from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about development but descent. Choice C is incorrect as it implies that the testes were never formed, which is not the case in cryptorchidism. Choice D is incorrect as cryptorchidism does involve the testes but rather their descent into the scrotum.
5. The cellular membrane contributes to all except which of the following?
- A. Cell energy production
- B. Cell permeability
- C. Cell communication
- D. Cell protection
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The cellular membrane is involved in regulating cell permeability, communication, and protection. However, it is not directly involved in energy production. Choice A is the correct answer because the cellular membrane does not produce energy; instead, it regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the cell membrane plays key roles in controlling what enters and exits the cell, facilitating communication between cells, and providing structural support and protection to the cell.