HESI RN
HESI Pediatrics Practice Exam
1. The parents of a 2-month-old infant, who is being discharged after treatment for pyloric stenosis, are being educated by the healthcare provider. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We should feed our baby in an upright position
- B. We should avoid feeding our baby solid foods until at least 6 months of age
- C. We will lay our baby on their stomach to sleep
- D. We will burp our baby frequently during feedings
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Placing babies on their stomach to sleep increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The safest sleep position for infants is on their back to reduce the risk of SIDS. Teaching parents about safe sleep practices is crucial in preventing potential harm to the infant. Choices A, B, and D are all correct statements that promote the well-being of the infant. Feeding the baby in an upright position helps prevent reflux, delaying solid foods until 6 months of age is recommended for proper growth and development, and burping the baby frequently during feedings helps prevent gas buildup and colic.
2. The nurse is caring for a client with a history of atrial fibrillation who is prescribed warfarin (Coumadin). Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely?
- A. Prothrombin time (PT)
- B. Hemoglobin level
- C. International Normalized Ratio (INR)
- D. Serum sodium level
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The INR should be closely monitored in a client prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) to assess the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulation therapy. Monitoring the INR helps determine if the client's blood is clotting appropriately. While prothrombin time (PT) is related to warfarin therapy, the INR is a more precise measure. Hemoglobin level and serum sodium level are not directly related to monitoring warfarin therapy.
3. A healthcare professional is experiencing moral distress due to an ethical dilemma. Which of the following best describes the healthcare professional’s response to this situation?
- A. The healthcare professional is experiencing moral distress because the ethical dilemma is causing a conflict between the healthcare professional’s personal values and professional responsibilities.
- B. The healthcare professional is experiencing moral distress because the ethical dilemma is causing a conflict between the healthcare professional’s obligations to the patient and the healthcare team.
- C. The healthcare professional is experiencing moral distress because the ethical dilemma is causing a conflict between the healthcare professional’s personal beliefs and the expectations of the healthcare organization.
- D. The healthcare professional is experiencing moral distress because the ethical dilemma is causing a conflict between the healthcare professional’s professional judgment and the wishes of the patient’s family.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Moral distress occurs when a healthcare professional experiences a conflict between personal values and professional responsibilities, leading to emotional and ethical challenges. Choice B is incorrect because moral distress is primarily related to personal values and professional responsibilities, not just obligations to the patient and healthcare team. Choice C is incorrect because moral distress is more about personal values and professional responsibilities, rather than organizational expectations. Choice D is incorrect because moral distress is focused on personal values and professional responsibilities, not just conflicts with the wishes of the patient’s family.
4. A client is being educated about the use of sertraline (Zoloft) for depression. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should take the medication with a high-protein meal.
- B. I may experience dizziness when getting up quickly.
- C. I might notice a decrease in my sex drive.
- D. I should report any thoughts of self-harm to my healthcare provider.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The statement 'I should take the medication with a high-protein meal' indicates a need for further teaching as sertraline (Zoloft) should not be taken with a high-protein meal due to potential interference with medication absorption. Choices B, C, and D are correct statements associated with the use of sertraline for depression. It is common to experience dizziness when quickly getting up, notice a decrease in sex drive, and important to report any thoughts of self-harm to the healthcare provider while on this medication.
5. Which hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests. During pregnancy, the placenta produces hCG, which can be detected in the urine or blood to confirm pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone are also essential hormones in pregnancy but are not typically used for pregnancy tests. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, not pregnancy.