HESI RN
HESI Leadership and Management
1. The healthcare professional is educating a client with Cushing's syndrome about dietary management. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Increase sodium intake
- B. Limit protein intake
- C. Limit calcium intake
- D. Increase potassium intake
Correct answer: D
Rationale: For clients with Cushing's syndrome, they are at risk of developing hypokalemia due to increased excretion of potassium. Therefore, it is essential to advise them to increase their potassium intake. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because: A) Increasing sodium intake can worsen fluid retention and hypertension common in Cushing's syndrome. B) Limiting protein intake is not necessary unless there are specific kidney issues that require protein restriction. C) Limiting calcium intake is not typically recommended unless there are underlying conditions such as hypercalcemia.
2. An infant with tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and hyperneic. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
- B. Administer morphine sulfate.
- C. Start intravenous fluids.
- D. Provide 100% oxygen by face mask.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a tetralogy of Fallot situation, placing the infant in a knee-chest position is the initial priority to help increase systemic vascular resistance, which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation. This position can assist in optimizing oxygen levels before considering other interventions. Administering morphine sulfate (choice B) is not the first-line treatment for tetralogy of Fallot crisis. Starting intravenous fluids (choice C) may be necessary but is not the priority in this situation. Providing 100% oxygen by face mask (choice D) may not fully address the underlying issue of decreased systemic vascular resistance that leads to cyanosis in tetralogy of Fallot.
3. The healthcare provider is preparing a teaching plan for the parents of a 6-month-old infant with GERD. What instruction should the healthcare provider include when teaching the parents measures to promote adequate nutrition?
- A. Alternate glucose water with formula
- B. Mix the formula with rice cereal
- C. Add multivitamins with iron to the formula
- D. Use water to dilute the formula
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for promoting adequate nutrition in a 6-month-old infant with GERD is to mix the formula with rice cereal. This thickens the feed, reducing the risk of reflux, aiding in proper nutrition, and minimizing GERD symptoms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Alternating glucose water with formula, adding multivitamins with iron to the formula, or diluting the formula with water are not recommended measures for promoting adequate nutrition in infants with GERD.
4. A client is taught how to collect a 24-hour urine specimen. Which statement indicates understanding of the procedure?
- A. I should keep the urine specimen refrigerated.
- B. I need to start the collection in the morning after my first void.
- C. I will collect the urine for 24 hours and keep it on ice.
- D. I will start collecting the urine after discarding my first morning specimen.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct way to collect a 24-hour urine specimen is to discard the first morning void and then start the collection. Choice A is incorrect because refrigeration is not typically necessary for a 24-hour urine specimen. Choice B is incorrect as the client needs to discard the first void. Choice C is incorrect; while collecting urine for 24 hours is correct, keeping it on ice is not standard procedure.
5. A client is receiving atenolol (Tenormin) 25 mg PO after a myocardial infarction. The nurse determines the client's apical pulse is 65 beats per minute. What action should the nurse take next?
- A. Hold the medication.
- B. Call the healthcare provider.
- C. Administer the medication.
- D. Check the blood pressure.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take next is to administer the medication. Atenolol is a beta-blocker commonly used post-myocardial infarction to reduce the workload of the heart. The client's apical pulse of 65 beats per minute is within the acceptable range after a myocardial infarction. Holding the medication or calling the healthcare provider is not necessary in this scenario as the pulse rate is appropriate for administering atenolol. Checking the blood pressure is not the priority in this situation, as the focus should be on the heart rate when administering atenolol.