HESI RN
HESI RN Nursing Leadership and Management Exam 6
1. For a diabetic male client with a foot ulcer, the physician orders bed rest, a wet-to-dry dressing change every shift, and blood glucose monitoring before meals and bedtime. Why are wet-to-dry dressings used for this client?
- A. They contain exudate and provide a moist wound environment.
- B. They protect the wound from mechanical trauma and promote healing.
- C. They debride the wound and promote healing by secondary intention.
- D. They prevent the entrance of microorganisms and minimize wound discomfort.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Wet-to-dry dressings are utilized in this case to debride the wound by removing dead tissue and promoting healing by secondary intention. Choice A is incorrect as wet-to-dry dressings do not provide a moist wound environment; instead, they promote drying to aid in debridement. Choice B is incorrect because their primary purpose is not to protect the wound but to remove dead tissue. Choice D is incorrect as the main function of wet-to-dry dressings is not to prevent the entrance of microorganisms or minimize wound discomfort.
2. Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in patient education?
- A. The nurse is responsible for providing patients with information they need to make informed decisions about their care.
- B. The nurse provides education to the patient and their family to help them understand the care plan and make informed decisions.
- C. The nurse is responsible for providing patients with written materials to help them understand their condition and treatment options.
- D. The nurse provides patients with verbal and written instructions on how to manage their care at home.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nurse's role in patient education involves providing patients with the necessary information to make informed decisions about their care. This includes explaining treatment options, potential risks and benefits, and answering any questions the patient may have. Choice B is incorrect because while nurses do educate patients and families, the primary focus is on empowering patients to make informed decisions. Choice C is incorrect as providing written materials is a part of patient education but not the sole responsibility of the nurse. Choice D is incorrect because while nurses do provide instructions on managing care at home, patient education goes beyond just the home care aspect to encompass a broader understanding of the patient's condition and treatment.
3. A client with hyperthyroidism is prescribed methimazole. The nurse should instruct the client that the purpose of this medication is to:
- A. Decrease thyroid hormone production
- B. Increase thyroid hormone production
- C. Suppress the immune system
- D. Prevent thyroid storm
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decrease thyroid hormone production. Methimazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of thyroid hormones, specifically by blocking the enzyme responsible for this process. By reducing the production of thyroid hormones, methimazole helps to normalize the elevated levels seen in hyperthyroidism. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B, 'Increase thyroid hormone production,' is inaccurate as methimazole actually decreases thyroid hormone production. Choice C, 'Suppress the immune system,' is unrelated to the mechanism of action of methimazole. Choice D, 'Prevent thyroid storm,' is not the primary purpose of methimazole; while it may help prevent worsening of hyperthyroidism, its main action is to reduce thyroid hormone levels.
4. The nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and that crackles are audible on auscultation. The nurse suspects excess fluid volume. What additional signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Flat neck and hand veins
- C. An increase in blood pressure
- D. A decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An increase in blood pressure is a common sign of fluid volume excess in clients with congestive heart failure due to the increased amount of fluid in the vascular system. Weight loss (Choice A) is not typically associated with fluid volume excess. Flat neck and hand veins (Choice B) are signs of fluid volume deficit, not excess. A decreased central venous pressure (CVP) (Choice D) is not expected in a client with fluid volume excess.
5. Scientific management and human relations-based approach are two major theoretical management schools of thought. Which of the following best describes the scientific model of management?
- A. A nurse manager considers methods of motivating the staff to do their assigned tasks.
- B. A nurse manager commends staff for the work they do, reminding them of the importance of their work and the lives they have saved.
- C. A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency.
- D. A conflict between two staff nurses has impacted an entire unit. The unit manager meets with the nurses and entire staff to promote mutual understanding.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because scientific management focuses on improving efficiency through the analysis of tasks and work processes. Choice A is more aligned with a human relations-based approach, which emphasizes motivation and relationships. Choice B reflects recognition and morale boosting, which is also characteristic of the human relations approach. Choice D involves conflict resolution and promoting mutual understanding, which is related to the human relations approach rather than scientific management.
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