HESI RN
Evolve HESI Medical Surgical Practice Exam
1. The nurse is caring for several patients who are receiving antibiotics. Which order will the nurse question?
- A. Azithromycin (Zithromax) 500 mg IV in 500 mL of fluid
- B. Azithromycin (Zithromax) 500 mg PO once daily
- C. Erythromycin 300 mg IM QID
- D. Erythromycin 300 mg PO QID
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should question the order for Erythromycin 300 mg IM QID. Erythromycin and other macrolides should not be given intramuscularly because they cause painful tissue irritation. Options A and B are correct routes for Azithromycin, either intravenously or orally. Option D is a correct route for Erythromycin, which is orally.
2. What is a cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta known as?
- A. Battledore insertion
- B. Placenta velamentosa
- C. Placenta accreta
- D. Vasa Praevia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta is known as battledore insertion. This occurs when the cord is attached to the fetal membranes at the placental margin rather than directly to the placental tissue. Placenta velamentosa refers to the condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes before it reaches the placenta. Placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Vasa Praevia is a condition where fetal blood vessels run across or near the internal cervical opening.
3. Dr. Kennedy prescribes glipizide (Glucotrol), an oral antidiabetic agent, for a male client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been having trouble controlling the blood glucose level through diet and exercise. Which medication instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Be sure to take glipizide 30 minutes before meals.
- B. Glipizide may cause a low serum sodium level, so make sure you have your sodium level checked monthly.
- C. You won't need to check your blood glucose level after you start taking glipizide.
- D. Take glipizide after a meal to prevent heartburn.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Glipizide should be taken 30 minutes before meals to maximize its glucose-lowering effect.
4. The liver is an organ responsible for detoxifying the body of many harmful substances. You might expect the liver to contain a high amount of which of the following?
- A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Lysosomes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The liver contains a high amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum because it plays a significant role in detoxification processes, such as the synthesis of detoxifying enzymes and lipids. Choice A (Rough endoplasmic reticulum) is incorrect because the rough endoplasmic reticulum is more involved in protein synthesis and processing. Choice C (Mitochondria) is incorrect as mitochondria are primarily responsible for energy production. Choice D (Lysosomes) is incorrect because lysosomes are organelles involved in intracellular digestion and waste removal, not specifically related to detoxification.
5. When caring for a 5-year-old child with a history of seizures who suddenly begins to have a tonic-clonic seizure, what should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Insert an oral airway
- C. Turn the child to the side
- D. Start an IV line
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During a tonic-clonic seizure, the priority action is to turn the child to the side. This helps maintain an open airway and prevents aspiration of secretions or vomitus. It also helps in keeping the airway clear and promotes safety during the seizure episode. Administering oxygen, inserting an oral airway, and starting an IV line are important interventions but should follow the initial step of positioning the child to prevent airway obstruction.