Nursing Elites

1. What is the most important function of carbohydrates?

• A. Store and provide energy for the body
• B. Create amino acids
• C. Maintain body temperature
• D. Insulate body organs against shock

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most important function of carbohydrates is to store and provide energy for the body through metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used as the primary source of energy for various cellular functions. Choice B is incorrect because amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not directly created by carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature is primarily controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as insulation of body organs against shock is mainly provided by adipose tissue, not carbohydrates.

2. In which of the following does cellular respiration take place?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Mitochondrion
• C. Chloroplast
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Mitochondrion. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, where glucose is converted into energy through a series of metabolic processes. Choice A, Golgi apparatus, is incorrect as it is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Choice C, Chloroplast, is incorrect as it is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, not cellular respiration. Choice D, Ribosome, is incorrect as it is responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production through cellular respiration.

3. Which of the following statements is true if a molecule exhibits adhesion?

• A. Two molecules of the same substance have the ability to stay bonded to one another
• B. The molecule has the ability to bond to or attract other molecules
• C. A molecule has the ability to increase its heat when necessary
• D. The molecule has the ability to form hydrogen bonds

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that if a molecule exhibits adhesion, it has the ability to bond to or attract other molecules. Adhesion refers to the ability of a molecule to bind to or attract different types of molecules. Choice A is incorrect because adhesion is about bonding to different molecules, not the same substance. Choice C is incorrect as adhesion does not relate to the ability of a molecule to increase its heat. Choice D is incorrect because forming hydrogen bonds is a specific type of interaction and not a general characteristic of molecules exhibiting adhesion.

4. Which of the following do prokaryotic cells lack?

• A. A cell membrane
• B. Genetic material
• C. Cytoplasm
• D. Membrane-bound organelles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus, distinguishing them from eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do have genetic material, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm. Choice A is incorrect because prokaryotic cells do have a cell membrane, which is essential for maintaining cell structure and regulating what enters and exits the cell. Choice B is incorrect because prokaryotic cells contain genetic material, typically in the form of a single circular chromosome. Choice C is incorrect because prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm, where various cellular activities take place.

5. The liver is an organ responsible for detoxifying the body of many harmful substances. You might expect the liver to contain a high amount of which of the following?

• A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The liver contains a high amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum because it plays a significant role in detoxification processes, such as the synthesis of detoxifying enzymes and lipids. Choice A (Rough endoplasmic reticulum) is incorrect because the rough endoplasmic reticulum is more involved in protein synthesis and processing. Choice C (Mitochondria) is incorrect as mitochondria are primarily responsible for energy production. Choice D (Lysosomes) is incorrect because lysosomes are organelles involved in intracellular digestion and waste removal, not specifically related to detoxification.

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