Nursing Elites

1. How can the concept of Integrated Reproductive Health be strengthened?

• A. Through advocacy and IEC
• B. Through community participation
• C. Through radio messages
• D. Through family planning

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Through advocacy and IEC. Advocacy and Information, Education, Communication (IEC) campaigns are crucial in strengthening the concept of Integrated Reproductive Health. These efforts help raise awareness, educate the community, and promote positive health behaviors. Choice B, community participation, though important, is not as direct in strengthening the concept as advocacy and IEC. Choice C, radio messages, can be a part of IEC campaigns but alone may not be as effective in strengthening the concept. Choice D, family planning, is a component of Integrated Reproductive Health but is not the most comprehensive approach to strengthening the concept.

2. The upper folds of the labia minora surround the clitoris and unite to form the:

• A. Frenulum
• B. Prepuce
• C. Fourchette
• D. Vestibule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prepuce. The upper folds of the labia minora surround the clitoris and unite to form the prepuce, which is a hood-like structure protecting the clitoris. The frenulum (choice A) is a small fold of tissue under the tongue or upper lip, not related to the female genitalia. The fourchette (choice C) refers to the area where the labia minora meet at the posterior end of the vulva, not involving the clitoris. The vestibule (choice D) is the space between the labia minora containing the vaginal and urethral openings, not directly formed by the upper folds of the labia minora.

3. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about menstruation?

• A. The average amount of menstrual flow is 50 to 90 ml.
• B. The menstrual flow constitutes serous fluid, necrotic slough.
• C. The cycle is influenced by the ovarian hormones Estrogen and progesterone.
• D. The menstrual flow has non-clotting blood.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The statement that menstrual flow has non-clotting blood is incorrect because menstrual blood can indeed clot. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about menstruation. Choice A reflects the average amount of menstrual flow, choice B describes the components of menstrual flow, and choice C correctly identifies the ovarian hormones that influence the menstrual cycle.

4. What is the role of relaxin hormone?

• A. Relaxation of the symphysis pubis.
• B. Stimulation of milk production.
• C. Stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
• D. None of the above.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relaxation of the symphysis pubis. Relaxin hormone is responsible for loosening the ligaments in the pelvic area, particularly the symphysis pubis, to prepare for childbirth. Choice B, stimulation of milk production, is incorrect as this is primarily regulated by prolactin. Choice C, stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast, is incorrect as this is mainly influenced by estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct role of relaxin hormone is the relaxation of the symphysis pubis.

5. Which hormone regulates the production of milk after childbirth?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for regulating the production of milk after childbirth. It stimulates the mammary glands in the breasts to produce milk. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is responsible for the ejection of milk from the breasts. Estrogen and progesterone play roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy but are not directly involved in milk production. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

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