Nursing Elites

1. Respect in reproductive health care involves:

• A. Talking to patients politely and managing their care compassionately and non-judgmentally.
• B. Ensuring that all patients sign a consent form.
• C. Ignoring patient requests for privacy.
• D. Disregarding patient concerns during care.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Respect in reproductive health care entails treating patients with politeness, compassion, and without judgment. Choice A is the correct answer as it aligns with the principles of respect and patient-centered care. It is essential to communicate respectfully, show compassion, and address patients' needs without passing judgment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Ensuring consent through a form is important but not the sole aspect of respect. Ignoring patient requests for privacy goes against patient rights, and disregarding patient concerns is contrary to providing comprehensive care.

2. How can menopause affect health?

• A. Causing conjunctivitis
• B. Leading to colitis or bowel upsets
• C. Increasing the risk of cancer
• D. Triggering urinary infections

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Menopause can lead to changes in the urinary tract, such as decreased estrogen levels, which can increase the likelihood of urinary tract infections. While menopause can impact various aspects of health, including bone density and heart health, it is not directly linked to conjunctivitis, colitis, or an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Haematological system

• A. Blood volume and plasma volume increase, red blood cells increase, erythropoietin levels decrease, and leukocyte count increases.
• B. Blood volume and plasma volume decrease, and red blood cells decrease.
• C. No changes occur in the haematological system during pregnancy.
• D. Platelet count remains constant, and no change in coagulation factors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the haematological system undergoes changes to support the growing fetus. Blood volume and plasma volume increase to accommodate the needs of the developing baby. Red blood cells increase to support the increased oxygen demand. Contrary to the statement, erythropoietin levels actually increase to stimulate red blood cell production. Additionally, leukocyte count increases to help the mother's immune system cope with the changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as it describes a decrease in blood components, which is not the case in pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as there are significant changes in the haematological system during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as platelet count can fluctuate during pregnancy, and there are changes in coagulation factors to prevent excessive bleeding.

4. A solid ball of 12-16 cells having undergone mitotic division after fertilization is:

• A. Zygote
• B. Blastomere
• C. Morula
• D. Blastocyst

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A morula is a stage in embryonic development where a solid ball of 12-16 cells is formed after several rounds of mitotic division following fertilization. The zygote is the initial cell formed by the fusion of sperm and egg. Blastomere refers to individual cells in a developing embryo. A blastocyst is a later stage where a fluid-filled cavity forms within the embryo. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Morula.'

5. What type of epithelium lines the vagina?

• A. Ciliated epithelium.
• B. Squamous epithelium.
• C. Columnar epithelium.
• D. Transitional epithelium.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Squamous epithelium. The vagina is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium provides protection against abrasion and pathogens. Choice A, Ciliated epithelium, is incorrect as ciliated epithelium is found in areas like the fallopian tubes to help move the egg towards the uterus. Choice C, Columnar epithelium, is incorrect as columnar epithelium is typically found in areas like the intestines. Choice D, Transitional epithelium, is incorrect as this type of epithelium is found in areas like the urinary bladder.

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