Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is incorrect about oral contraceptive pill 'Saheli'?

• A. It is taken by females
• B. It has very few side effects
• C. It is a steroidal preparation
• D. It is 'Once a week' pill

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Saheli' is not a steroidal preparation, it is a non-steroidal oral contraceptive.

2. How many autosomes does a human primary spermatocyte have?

• A. 34
• B. 44
• C. 54
• D. 33

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A human primary spermatocyte has 44 autosomes. Autosomes are chromosomes that are not involved in determining an individual's sex. In humans, there are a total of 46 chromosomes in a somatic cell, with 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Therefore, the correct answer is 44 autosomes, making choice B the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the accurate number of autosomes in a human primary spermatocyte.

3. What is the most common cause of abortion in Zambia?

• A. Malaria.
• B. Tuberculosis.
• C. HIV.
• D. Ascariasis.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malaria. Malaria is a prevalent cause of abortion in Zambia due to its impact on maternal health. Malaria infection during pregnancy can lead to severe complications, including miscarriage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while Tuberculosis, HIV, and Ascariasis are significant health issues, they are not the commonest cause of abortion in Zambia as Malaria.

4. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Uterus

• A. The uterus softens in the anterior midline, becomes flexible at the uterocervical junction, blood vasculature increases in size and number, and hypertrophy of myometrial cells occurs.
• B. The uterus decreases in size during pregnancy and remains rigid.
• C. The uterus size remains unchanged, and no changes occur in the blood vasculature.
• D. Uterus becomes more rigid and hypertrophies.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes various anatomical and physiological changes. The correct answer, Choice A, accurately describes these changes. The uterus softens in the anterior midline, becomes flexible at the uterocervical junction, experiences an increase in blood vasculature size and number, and myometrial cells hypertrophy. This softening and increased vascularity are essential for accommodating the growing fetus and facilitating delivery. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the typical changes that occur in the uterus during pregnancy. The uterus does not decrease in size, remain unchanged in size, become more rigid, or hypertrophy without the described softening and vascular changes.

5. Causes of metrorrhagia include:

• A. Cervical carcinoma
• B. Uterine polyp
• C. Cervical endometriosis
• D. Infections like Chlamydia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Metrorrhagia refers to irregular menstrual bleeding that occurs between periods. Cervical carcinoma, a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, can lead to metrorrhagia. Uterine polyps, which are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus, can also cause abnormal bleeding. While infections like Chlamydia can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, they are not common causes of metrorrhagia. Cervical endometriosis, although a possible gynecological condition, is not a typical cause of metrorrhagia. Therefore, the correct answer is cervical carcinoma as it is a known cause of metrorrhagia, making the other options incorrect.

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