posterior to the vagina lies the

HESI RN

Reproductive Health Exam Questions And Answers

1. What structure lies posterior to the vagina?

A. Pouch of Douglas
B. Rectum
C. Perineal body
D. Structures of the vulva

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rectum. The rectum is located posterior to the vagina in the pelvic cavity. The Pouch of Douglas (choice A) is a peritoneal pouch located between the rectum and the uterus. The perineal body (choice C) is a fibrous structure located between the vagina and the anus. Structures of the vulva (choice D) are external genital structures surrounding the vaginal opening, not posterior to the vagina.

2. What is the role of relaxin hormone?

A. Relaxation of the symphysis pubis.
B. Stimulation of milk production.
C. Stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast.
D. None of the above.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relaxation of the symphysis pubis. Relaxin hormone is responsible for loosening the ligaments in the pelvic area, particularly the symphysis pubis, to prepare for childbirth. Choice B, stimulation of milk production, is incorrect as this is primarily regulated by prolactin. Choice C, stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast, is incorrect as this is mainly influenced by estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy. Therefore, the correct role of relaxin hormone is the relaxation of the symphysis pubis.

3. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Haematological system

A. Blood volume and plasma volume increase, red blood cells increase, erythropoietin levels decrease, and leukocyte count increases.
B. Blood volume and plasma volume decrease, and red blood cells decrease.
C. No changes occur in the haematological system during pregnancy.
D. Platelet count remains constant, and no change in coagulation factors.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the haematological system undergoes changes to support the growing fetus. Blood volume and plasma volume increase to accommodate the needs of the developing baby. Red blood cells increase to support the increased oxygen demand. Contrary to the statement, erythropoietin levels actually increase to stimulate red blood cell production. Additionally, leukocyte count increases to help the mother's immune system cope with the changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as it describes a decrease in blood components, which is not the case in pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as there are significant changes in the haematological system during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as platelet count can fluctuate during pregnancy, and there are changes in coagulation factors to prevent excessive bleeding.

4. What is one of the major issues affecting adolescents in terms of sexual and reproductive health?

A. Limited access to contraceptives and family planning
B. Equal representation in decision-making
C. Decreased need for sexual education
D. Equal opportunities for career growth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Limited access to contraceptives and family planning is indeed a major issue affecting adolescents in terms of sexual and reproductive health. This lack of access can lead to unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and limited reproductive choices. Choice B, equal representation in decision-making, although important, is not directly related to sexual and reproductive health issues faced by adolescents. Choice C, decreased need for sexual education, is incorrect as proper sexual education is crucial in promoting healthy behaviors and preventing risks. Choice D, equal opportunities for career growth, is also unrelated to the specific issues surrounding sexual and reproductive health in adolescents.

5. Polymenorrhoea is defined as:

A. Menstruation that occurs at an interval less than 35 days
B. Menstruation that occurs at an interval greater than 35 days
C. Menstruation that occurs at an interval less than 21 days
D. Menstruation that occurs at an interval greater than 21 days

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Polymenorrhoea is defined as menstruation that occurs at intervals shorter than 21 days. Choice A is incorrect because it describes menstruation at intervals less than 35 days. Choice B is incorrect as it describes menstruation at intervals greater than 35 days. Choice D is incorrect as it describes menstruation at intervals greater than 21 days.