Nursing Elites

1. Inevitable abortion occurs when:

• A. The ovum dies in utero and the decidua capsularis remains intact.
• B. The cervix is open, and the products of conception are about to be expelled.
• C. The products of conception are expelled before the 20th week of gestation.
• D. The fetus dies and is expelled in the first trimester.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Inevitable abortion occurs when the cervix is open, and the products of conception are about to be expelled. This is a critical point in the process of spontaneous abortion, indicating that expulsion of the products of conception is imminent. Choice A is incorrect as it describes a missed abortion where the ovum dies but the decidua capsularis remains intact. Choice C is incorrect as it describes an incomplete abortion where the products of conception are expelled before the completion of 20 weeks of gestation. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a missed abortion where the fetus dies and is expelled in the first trimester.

2. _______ is a lytic enzyme released by the sperm.

• A. Hyaluronidase
• B. Trypsin
• C. Helicase
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hyaluronidase is the correct answer. It is a lytic enzyme released by the sperm to help penetrate the egg's protective layer. Trypsin is a digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas, not released by sperm. Helicase is an enzyme involved in DNA replication, not released by sperm. 'None of the above' is incorrect as hyaluronidase fits the description provided in the question.

3. Which animal is an ovoviviparous animal?

• A. Basking shark
• B. Bonobo
• C. Blue shark
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the Blue shark. Ovoviviparous animals produce eggs that develop inside the body of the parent, and the offspring are born alive. The basking shark does not fall under this category as it is ovoviviparous, meaning it lays eggs that hatch inside the female's body. The bonobo is a separate species and not relevant to the question.

4. What prompted Zambia to implement family planning services?

• A. The nation started to experience the effects of rapid population growth on the economy and individual welfare.
• B. Donors provided free family planning pills.
• C. Mothers were delivering twice a year.
• D. There were too many abortions.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Rapid population growth's impact on the economy and individual welfare prompted Zambia to implement family planning services. This is because a rapidly growing population can strain resources, lead to unemployment, poverty, and inadequate access to healthcare. Choice B is incorrect because the provision of free family planning pills by donors may have been a subsequent intervention rather than the initial reason for implementing family planning services. Choice C is irrelevant as the frequency of deliveries by mothers does not directly relate to the implementation of family planning services. Choice D is also incorrect as high abortion rates may be a consequence of inadequate family planning services rather than the reason for their implementation.

5. What is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum?

• A. Acrosome
• B. Zona pellucida
• C. Megalis
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle located at the head of a sperm cell and contains enzymes that aid in the penetration of the ovum during fertilization. The Zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the ovum, not an organelle. Megalis is not a relevant organelle in this context. Therefore, the correct choice is A, Acrosome.

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