Nursing Elites

1. Which structure maintains the uterus in an anteverted and anteflexed position?

• A. Round ligaments
• B. Broad ligaments
• C. Cardinal ligaments
• D. Pubocervical ligaments

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Round ligaments. The round ligaments are responsible for maintaining the uterus in an anteverted and anteflexed position. These ligaments attach from the sides of the uterus and extend through the inguinal canal to the labia majora. The other choices, Broad ligaments, Cardinal ligaments, and Pubocervical ligaments, have different functions and attachments within the pelvis. Broad ligaments are a double layer of peritoneum that encloses the uterus and supports the uterine tubes. Cardinal ligaments provide support to the cervix and upper vagina. Pubocervical ligaments support the cervix and bladder.

2. What is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum?

• A. Acrosome
• B. Zona pellucida
• C. Megalis
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle located at the head of a sperm cell and contains enzymes that aid in the penetration of the ovum during fertilization. The Zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the ovum, not an organelle. Megalis is not a relevant organelle in this context. Therefore, the correct choice is A, Acrosome.

3. How can the need to respect clients' rights to informed consent be attained in quality of care?

• A. by providing adequate information and counseling
• B. by forcing all patients scheduled for surgery to sign the consent form
• C. by engaging the Senior medical superintendent of the hospital to sign consent forms for the patients
• D. by simply telling the patient to sign the consent form

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'by providing adequate information and counseling.' Respecting clients' rights to informed consent involves ensuring that patients are adequately informed about the procedures they will undergo. This includes providing them with all necessary information and counseling to make an informed decision. Choice B is incorrect because forcing patients to sign consent forms does not ensure that they are fully informed or that their rights are respected. Choice C is incorrect as involving a senior medical superintendent to sign consent forms does not guarantee that patients are adequately informed. Choice D is incorrect because simply telling the patient to sign the consent form does not fulfill the requirement of providing adequate information for informed consent.

4. What is the function of luteinizing hormone?

• A. Maintains the corpus luteum
• B. Ripens the Graafian follicle
• C. Prepares the breasts for lactation
• D. Produces regrowth of the endometrium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum after ovulation. This is crucial for the production of progesterone, which helps prepare the endometrium for implantation and supports early pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, C is mainly regulated by prolactin, and D is primarily associated with estrogen and progesterone.

5. A client 12 weeks pregnant comes to the emergency department with abdominal cramping and moderate vaginal bleeding. Speculum examination reveals 2 to 3 cm cervical dilation. The nurse would document these findings as which of the following?

• A. Threatened abortion
• B. Inevitable abortion
• C. Complete abortion
• D. Missed abortion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The nurse would document these findings as an inevitable abortion. Inevitable abortion is characterized by cervical dilation with or without rupture of membranes and is associated with moderate to heavy vaginal bleeding. 'Threatened abortion' (choice A) refers to vaginal bleeding with a closed cervical os and no tissue passage. 'Complete abortion' (choice C) involves the passage of all products of conception. 'Missed abortion' (choice D) is the retention of a failed intrauterine pregnancy for an extended period without symptoms.

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