Nursing Elites

1. At what point is a fetus considered viable?

• A. 26 weeks
• B. 28 weeks
• C. 37 weeks
• D. 12 weeks

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A fetus is considered viable after 37 weeks of gestation. At this stage, the fetus has a higher chance of surviving outside the womb with medical support. Choice A (26 weeks), Choice B (28 weeks), and Choice D (12 weeks) are incorrect because a fetus is not typically considered viable at those earlier gestational ages.

2. The products of conception are retained in which of the following?

• A. Complete abortions
• B. Incomplete abortions
• C. Threatened abortion
• D. Mixed abortion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In incomplete abortions, the products of conception are retained. In a complete abortion, all the products of conception are expelled from the uterus. Threatened abortion refers to a situation where there is vaginal bleeding but the cervix remains closed, and it does not necessarily involve retention of products of conception. Mixed abortion is not a recognized medical term related to retained products of conception.

3. In order to provide services effectively and in the best interests of the whole family:

• A. The wife's relatives need to be contacted
• B. It's important to seek the services of a traditional healer
• C. Health providers need to be aware of the roles and decision-making process within the family
• D. Health providers need to conduct door-to-door sensitization on health matters

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Health providers need to be aware of the roles and decision-making process within the family.' To provide services effectively, health providers must understand the dynamics within a family, including who makes decisions and how roles are distributed. This knowledge helps them tailor their services to meet the needs and preferences of the whole family. Choices A and B are incorrect because contacting the wife's relatives or seeking the services of a traditional healer may not necessarily align with providing effective services based on family dynamics. Choice D is also incorrect as door-to-door sensitization may not directly address the internal dynamics of a family.

4. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Cardiovascular system

• A. The heart is displaced upward and to the left by the enlarging uterus, cardiac capacity increases, and blood pressure declines slightly.
• B. The heart is displaced downward and to the right, and blood pressure increases.
• C. The cardiovascular system remains unchanged during pregnancy.
• D. Cardiovascular changes include increased peripheral resistance and reduced cardiac output.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes such as the heart being displaced upward and to the left by the enlarging uterus, increased cardiac capacity, and a slight decline in blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as the heart is displaced upwards, not downwards, and blood pressure typically decreases slightly. Choice C is incorrect as the cardiovascular system does undergo changes during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as cardiovascular changes in pregnancy involve increased cardiac output rather than reduced output.

5. What prompted Zambia to implement family planning services?

• A. The nation started to experience the effects of rapid population growth on the economy and individual welfare.
• B. Donors provided free family planning pills.
• C. Mothers were delivering twice a year.
• D. There were too many abortions.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Rapid population growth's impact on the economy and individual welfare prompted Zambia to implement family planning services. This is because a rapidly growing population can strain resources, lead to unemployment, poverty, and inadequate access to healthcare. Choice B is incorrect because the provision of free family planning pills by donors may have been a subsequent intervention rather than the initial reason for implementing family planning services. Choice C is irrelevant as the frequency of deliveries by mothers does not directly relate to the implementation of family planning services. Choice D is also incorrect as high abortion rates may be a consequence of inadequate family planning services rather than the reason for their implementation.

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