HESI RN
HESI Medical Surgical Practice Quiz
1. A client with a history of calcium phosphate urinary stones is being taught by a nurse. Which statements should the nurse include in this client’s dietary teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Limit your intake of food high in animal protein.
- B. Read food labels to help minimize your sodium intake.
- C. A and B
- D. Reduce your intake of milk and other dairy products.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: For a client with a history of calcium phosphate urinary stones, it is essential to limit the intake of foods high in animal protein to prevent the formation of stones. Additionally, reducing sodium intake is crucial as high sodium levels can contribute to stone formation. Therefore, choices A and B are correct. Choice D, which suggests reducing intake of milk and other dairy products, is not specifically recommended for calcium phosphate stones. Clients with calcium phosphate stones should focus on limiting animal protein, sodium, and calcium intake. Choices A and B address these dietary modifications, making them the correct options for this client. Choices D, which is not directly related to calcium phosphate stones, is incorrect.
2. A 17-year-old unmarried, pregnant client with drug addiction is a high school dropout, homeless, and has a history of past abuse arrives at the clinic for her first prenatal visit. Which findings should the nurse document as health risk factors for the client? (Select all that apply)
- A. age
- B. school dropout
- C. drug addiction
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: All these factors - age, school dropout, drug addiction - are significant health risk factors for the client. Being young, a high school dropout, and struggling with drug addiction can lead to various complications during pregnancy, such as poor prenatal outcomes and social challenges. These factors can impact the client's overall health and well-being, highlighting the importance of addressing them during prenatal care.
3. The client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus is receiving education from the nurse on managing blood glucose levels. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication.
- C. I should exercise regularly to help control my blood sugar.
- D. I will rotate my injection sites to avoid tissue damage.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choice B indicates a need for further teaching because it suggests that the client can eat whatever they want as long as they take their medication, which is incorrect. Clients with diabetes mellitus need to follow a healthy and balanced diet in addition to taking their medication to effectively manage blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are correct statements for managing diabetes. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly, engaging in regular exercise to help control blood sugar, and rotating injection sites to avoid tissue damage are all important aspects of diabetes management.
4. What is Diazepam used for?
- A. Management of post-partum hemorrhage.
- B. Management of pre-eclampsia.
- C. Induction of labor.
- D. Relieving anxiety.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Diazepam is primarily used for relieving anxiety and muscle spasms. It is a benzodiazepine medication that works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain to produce a calming effect. While Diazepam is not used for managing post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, or inducing labor, it is essential in treating anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, and certain types of seizures. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it aligns with the primary therapeutic use of Diazepam.
5. When finding a client sitting on the floor, the nurse calls for help from the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which task should the nurse ask the UAP to do?
- A. Check for any abrasions or bruises.
- B. Help the client to stand.
- C. Get a blood pressure cuff.
- D. Report the fall to the nurse-manager.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct task for the nurse to ask the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to do in this situation is to "Get a blood pressure cuff." This is important because assessing the client's vital signs, including blood pressure, is crucial after a fall to ensure there are no underlying issues like hypotension. Choices A and B may be important tasks for the nurse to perform as part of the assessment and care of the client. However, in this scenario, the immediate concern should be to check the client's blood pressure. Choice D is not the most urgent task at this time, as assessing the client's condition takes precedence.