HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Practice Exam
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse recommend to the client as an appropriate sweetener?
- A. Corn syrup
- B. Natural honey
- C. Nonnutritive sugar substitute
- D. Agave nectar
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Nonnutritive sugar substitutes are suitable for individuals with diabetes, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, as they do not affect blood glucose levels. Corn syrup and agave nectar contain high levels of sugar that can spike blood glucose levels, making them unsuitable for diabetes management. While natural honey is a natural sweetener, it can still impact blood sugar levels and is not the optimal choice for individuals with diabetes.
2. The client has hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Increase calcium intake
- B. Limit phosphorus intake
- C. Increase fluid intake
- D. Limit vitamin D intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Increase fluid intake.' This is because increasing fluid intake helps prevent kidney stones, a common complication of hyperparathyroidism. While calcium is involved in the condition, increasing calcium intake is not recommended as it can exacerbate hypercalcemia, which is commonly present in hyperparathyroidism. Limiting phosphorus intake is not directly related to managing hyperparathyroidism. Limiting vitamin D intake is also not typically necessary in managing hyperparathyroidism, as it is usually a calcium and PTH-related issue.
3. A client with hypertension is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. Which client statement indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. ‘I will take my medication at the same time every day.’
- B. ‘I should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while on this medication.’
- C. ‘I should increase my intake of calcium-rich foods.’
- D. ‘I should reduce my fluid intake to control my blood pressure.’
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The statement ‘I should reduce my fluid intake to control my blood pressure’ indicates a misunderstanding. It is important to note that fluid restriction is not typically necessary when taking calcium channel blockers. Choices A, B, and C demonstrate good understanding of medication adherence, dietary precautions, and nutrition recommendations when taking a calcium channel blocker, making them incorrect choices for further teaching.
4. Which information is a priority for the RN to reinforce to an older client after intravenous pyelography?
- A. Eat a light diet for the remainder of the day
- B. Rest for the next 24 hours as the preparation and the test are tiring
- C. Drink at least 1 8-ounce glass of fluid every waking hour for the next 2 days
- D. Measure the urine output for the next day and promptly notify the healthcare provider if it decreases
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After intravenous pyelography, it is crucial for the client to measure urine output in the next day to monitor for any potential complications, such as kidney issues. Promptly notifying the healthcare provider in case of decreased urine output is essential for timely intervention. While rest and hydration are important post-procedure, monitoring urine output takes precedence due to its direct correlation with potential complications.
5. Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of sperm?
- A. Epididymis
- B. Seminal vesicles
- C. Testes
- D. Prostate gland
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The testes are the male reproductive organs responsible for the production of sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. The epididymis is a structure where sperm mature and are stored temporarily. Seminal vesicles produce a significant portion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen, but they do not produce sperm. The prostate gland contributes additional fluid to semen but does not produce sperm. Therefore, the correct answer is the testes.