Nursing Elites

1. A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Administer insulin
• B. Encourage increased fluid intake
• C. Monitor for signs of dehydration
• D. Check blood glucose levels

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are classic signs of hyperglycemia, indicating high blood glucose levels. The priority action for the nurse is to check the client's blood glucose levels to assess the severity of hyperglycemia and determine the need for appropriate interventions. Administering insulin (Choice A) may be necessary based on the blood glucose levels but should only be done after confirming the current status. Encouraging increased fluid intake (Choice B) may exacerbate the symptoms by further diluting the blood glucose concentration. While monitoring for signs of dehydration (Choice C) is important in the long term, the immediate action should focus on determining the blood glucose levels first.

2. A client with hyperparathyroidism is receiving dietary instructions. Which of the following foods should the client avoid?

• A. Milk
• B. Bananas
• C. Spinach
• D. Processed meats

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In hyperparathyroidism, there are already elevated calcium levels in the body. Therefore, clients should avoid high-calcium foods like milk to prevent further increase in calcium levels. Bananas, spinach, and processed meats do not have significant calcium content and do not need to be avoided specifically in hyperparathyroidism.

3. A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Administer glucagon
• B. Check the client's blood glucose level
• C. Give the client a snack
• D. Notify the healthcare provider

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's blood glucose level. This is the priority action to confirm hypoglycemia before implementing further interventions. Administering glucagon (Choice A) may be necessary in severe cases of hypoglycemia, but confirming the low blood glucose level is crucial before administering any treatment. Giving the client a snack (Choice C) can help raise blood sugar levels but should come after confirming the hypoglycemia. Notifying the healthcare provider (Choice D) is important, but the immediate priority is to assess and address the hypoglycemia.

4. A client with DM is being taught about the importance of foot care by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Use a heating pad to warm your feet.
• B. Avoid walking barefoot.
• C. Soak your feet in hot water every night.
• D. Wear tight shoes to protect your feet.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include is to advise the client to avoid walking barefoot. This recommendation is crucial for clients with diabetes to prevent foot injuries and infections. Walking barefoot can lead to unnoticed wounds or ulcers due to reduced sensation in the feet (neuropathy) common in diabetes. Choice A is incorrect as heating pads can cause burns and should be avoided. Choice C is incorrect because soaking feet in hot water can also lead to burns and skin damage. Choice D is incorrect as tight shoes can increase the risk of pressure sores and restrict blood flow, which is detrimental for individuals with diabetes.

5. A client with hypothyroidism is being treated with levothyroxine. Which of the following symptoms would indicate that the client may be receiving too much medication?

• A. Bradycardia
• B. Weight gain
• C. Tachycardia
• D. Cold intolerance

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tachycardia is a sign of excessive thyroid hormone replacement. Levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism by supplementing thyroid hormone levels. If a client with hypothyroidism experiences symptoms of tachycardia, it suggests that they may be receiving an excessive amount of levothyroxine, causing hyperthyroidism. Bradycardia (Choice A) is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, not excessive levothyroxine. Weight gain (Choice B) and cold intolerance (Choice D) are also typical symptoms of hypothyroidism and would not typically indicate overmedication.

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