HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam 2023 Capstone
1. A client receiving chemotherapy reports severe nausea. What should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer an antiemetic as prescribed.
- B. Offer the client small, frequent meals.
- C. Provide the client with crackers and water.
- D. Encourage the client to eat a bland diet.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer an antiemetic as prescribed. When a client receiving chemotherapy reports severe nausea, the priority action is to administer an antiemetic medication as prescribed. Antiemetics help alleviate nausea and prevent complications associated with chemotherapy, such as dehydration and malnutrition. Options B, C, and D focus on dietary interventions which can be helpful but addressing the severe nausea with antiemetic medication takes precedence to provide immediate relief and ensure the client's comfort and well-being.
2. When does a broad ligament haematoma occur?
- A. Rupture occurs in the mesenteric border of the tube.
- B. Rupture occurs in the ovarian ligament.
- C. Rupture occurs in the broad ligament.
- D. Rupture occurs in the uterine wall.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A broad ligament hematoma occurs when there is a rupture in the mesenteric border of the tube. This typically happens due to trauma or other underlying conditions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a broad ligament hematoma specifically involves a rupture in the mesenteric border of the tube, not the ovarian ligament, broad ligament, or uterine wall.
3. The parents of a 4-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with celiac disease are being educated by a healthcare provider. Which statement by the parents indicates a correct understanding of the condition?
- A. We can give our child small amounts of gluten occasionally
- B. We need to avoid giving our child foods containing wheat, barley, and rye
- C. We should limit our child’s intake of dairy products
- D. Our child will need to take gluten-free supplements
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer because for individuals with celiac disease, a strict gluten-free diet is essential for managing the condition. Foods containing wheat, barley, and rye must be completely avoided to prevent adverse reactions and damage to the intestines. This dietary restriction is crucial to ensure the child's health and well-being in managing celiac disease effectively. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because giving small amounts of gluten occasionally, limiting dairy products, or taking gluten-free supplements are not sufficient measures to manage celiac disease. Complete avoidance of gluten-containing foods is necessary to prevent complications.
4. What suggestion should the nurse provide to prevent diaper rash in a 4-month-old infant as requested by the mother?
- A. Generously powder the baby's diaper area with talcum powder at each diaper change to promote dryness.
- B. Wash the diaper area every 2 hours with soap and water to help prevent skin breakdown.
- C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each diaper change.
- D. Place a cloth diaper inside the disposable diaper for overnight periods when increased wearing time is likely.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Using a barrier cream like zinc oxide forms a protective layer on the skin, creating a barrier against irritants and moisture, thus helping to prevent diaper rash. Unlike other options, barrier creams do not need to be completely removed at each diaper change, allowing the skin to remain protected between changes.
5. The parents of a 3-month-old infant are being educated by the healthcare provider about safe sleep practices. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We will place our baby on their back to sleep
- B. We will use a firm mattress and avoid soft bedding
- C. We will keep our baby in our bed so we can monitor them closely
- D. We will avoid putting toys or pillows in the crib
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Co-sleeping, or keeping the baby in the parents' bed, increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It is crucial for parents to place the baby in a separate crib or bassinet to ensure a safe sleep environment and reduce the risk of SIDS. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate understanding of safe sleep practices by mentioning placing the baby on their back, using a firm mattress and avoiding soft bedding, and not putting toys or pillows in the crib, which are all measures to promote safe sleep and reduce the risk of SIDS.