HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam 2023 Capstone
1. A client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is teaching dietary modifications. What should be limited in this client's diet?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Fats
- C. Proteins
- D. Vitamins
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In chronic renal failure, proteins should be limited in the diet. When the kidneys are not functioning well, the buildup of protein byproducts can put additional stress on them. Limiting protein intake can help reduce the burden on the kidneys. Carbohydrates and fats do not need to be restricted in the same way as proteins. Vitamins are essential nutrients that should not be limited in the diet unless specified by a healthcare provider for a specific reason.
2. What is the area of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are inserted known as?
- A. Fundus
- B. Corpus or body
- C. Cavity
- D. Cornua
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cornua. The cornua refers to the upper, horn-like parts of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are inserted. The fundus (choice A) is the rounded top portion of the uterus, the corpus or body (choice B) is the main part of the uterus excluding the cervix and fundus, and the cavity (choice C) refers to the internal space within the uterus. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically denote the area where the fallopian tubes are inserted.
3. A client with a history of atrial fibrillation is admitted with a new onset of confusion. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Obtain a blood glucose level.
- B. Administer an anticoagulant as prescribed.
- C. Perform a neurological assessment.
- D. Administer aspirin as prescribed.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Performing a neurological assessment is the priority in this situation as it helps in evaluating the cause of the new onset of confusion in a client with atrial fibrillation. This assessment will provide crucial information about the client's neurological status, which can guide further interventions. Obtaining a blood glucose level (Choice A) is important but should not be the first step when dealing with a new onset of confusion. Administering an anticoagulant (Choice B) or aspirin (Choice D) may be necessary depending on the underlying cause, but assessing the neurological status comes first to determine the appropriate course of action.
4. What term is used to refer to the fertilized ovum?
- A. Zygote
- B. Embryo
- C. Foetus
- D. Pregnancy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Zygote. A zygote is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. It is the initial stage of prenatal development. Choice B, Embryo, refers to the stage of prenatal development after the zygote and before the foetus. Choice C, Foetus, is the stage of prenatal development after the embryo. Choice D, Pregnancy, is a broader term referring to the condition of having a developing baby in the uterus.
5. The healthcare provider is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The healthcare provider should monitor for the potential of increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to which of the following body areas?
- A. Back
- B. Axilla
- C. Soles of the feet
- D. Palms of the hands
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The axilla has thinner skin, making it more permeable to topical medications. Areas with thinner skin, like the axilla, allow for higher systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids.