Nursing Elites

1. What is the approximate duration of action for intermediate-acting insulins like NPH?

• A. 6-8 hours.
• B. 10-14 hours.
• C. 16-20 hours.
• D. 24-28 hours.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: '16-20 hours.' Intermediate-acting insulins like NPH typically have a duration of action of approximately 16-20 hours. This prolonged action makes them effective in managing blood glucose levels over an extended period. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical duration of action for intermediate-acting insulins. Choice A (6-8 hours) is too short, choice B (10-14 hours) is also shorter than the typical duration, and choice D (24-28 hours) is too long for intermediate-acting insulins like NPH.

2. A client with hyperparathyroidism is receiving dietary instructions. Which of the following foods should the client avoid?

• A. Milk
• B. Bananas
• C. Spinach
• D. Processed meats

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In hyperparathyroidism, there are already elevated calcium levels in the body. Therefore, clients should avoid high-calcium foods like milk to prevent further increase in calcium levels. Bananas, spinach, and processed meats do not have significant calcium content and do not need to be avoided specifically in hyperparathyroidism.

3. A client newly diagnosed with DM asks a nurse why it is necessary to monitor blood glucose levels so often. The nurse's best response would be:

• A. It helps to adjust insulin doses more precisely.
• B. It helps to prevent complications of diabetes.
• C. It helps to identify the best diet for you.
• D. It helps to reduce the need for medications.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is crucial for preventing complications in diabetes. By keeping a close eye on blood glucose levels, healthcare providers can intervene in a timely manner if levels are out of range, thus reducing the risk of long-term complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while monitoring blood glucose levels may indirectly contribute to adjusting insulin doses, identifying the best diet, and reducing the need for medications, the primary purpose is to prevent complications through timely interventions.

4. Albert, a 35-year-old insulin-dependent diabetic, is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia. He has been febrile since admission. His daily insulin requirement is 24 units of NPH. Every morning Albert is given NPH insulin at 0730. Meals are served at 0830, 1230, and 1830. The nurse expects that the NPH insulin will reach its maximum effect (peak) between the hours of:

• A. 1130 and 1330.
• B. 1330 and 1930.
• C. 1530 and 2130.
• D. 1730 and 2330.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: NPH insulin typically peaks 4-12 hours after administration, so a peak between 1530 and 2130 would be expected. Choice A (1130 and 1330) is too early for the peak effect of NPH insulin. Choice B (1330 and 1930) falls within the possible peak period but is not as accurate as choice C. Choice D (1730 and 2330) is too late for the peak effect of NPH insulin based on the typical peak timing.

5. When teaching a male client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus how diet and exercise affect insulin requirements, Nurse Joy should include which guideline?

• A. You'll need more insulin when you exercise or increase your food intake.
• B. You'll need less insulin when you exercise or reduce your food intake.
• C. You'll need less insulin when you increase your food intake.
• D. You'll need more insulin when you exercise or decrease your food intake.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a person with type 1 diabetes exercises, it typically lowers blood glucose levels. As a result, insulin needs are reduced when exercise or food intake is decreased. Choice A is incorrect because more insulin is not typically needed when exercise or food intake is increased. Choice C is incorrect because increasing food intake would generally require more insulin to cover the additional glucose from the food. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing food intake usually leads to a lower need for insulin.

Similar Questions