HESI RN
HESI Practice Test Pediatrics
1. A 7-year-old child with sickle cell anemia presents to the emergency department with severe pain in the arms and legs. What is the nurse’s priority action?
- A. Administer prescribed pain medication
- B. Apply warm compresses to the affected areas
- C. Encourage the child to drink fluids
- D. Monitor the child’s oxygen saturation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a sickle cell crisis, pain management is a priority due to the severe pain experienced by the child. Administering prescribed pain medication is crucial to alleviate the pain and provide comfort to the child. Once pain is controlled, other comfort measures like applying warm compresses and encouraging fluid intake can be implemented. Monitoring oxygen saturation is important but not the priority action when dealing with severe pain in a sickle cell crisis.
2. A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte laboratory results and notes a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L on one client's laboratory report. The nurse understands that which client is at highest risk for the development of a potassium value at this level?
- A. The client with colitis
- B. The client with Cushing's syndrome
- C. The client who has been overusing laxatives
- D. The client who has sustained a traumatic burn
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Clients who have sustained traumatic burns are at a higher risk of developing hyperkalemia due to cell lysis. When cells are damaged in a traumatic burn, potassium can leak out from the intracellular space into the bloodstream, leading to elevated serum potassium levels. Colitis, Cushing's syndrome, and overuse of laxatives are not typically associated with the same degree of cell damage or potassium shifts seen in traumatic burns, making them less likely to result in such high potassium levels.
3. In order to provide services effectively and in the best interests of the whole family:
- A. The wife's relatives need to be contacted
- B. It's important to seek the services of a traditional healer
- C. Health providers need to be aware of the roles and decision-making process within the family
- D. Health providers need to conduct door-to-door sensitization on health matters
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Health providers need to be aware of the roles and decision-making process within the family.' To provide services effectively, health providers must understand the dynamics within a family, including who makes decisions and how roles are distributed. This knowledge helps them tailor their services to meet the needs and preferences of the whole family. Choices A and B are incorrect because contacting the wife's relatives or seeking the services of a traditional healer may not necessarily align with providing effective services based on family dynamics. Choice D is also incorrect as door-to-door sensitization may not directly address the internal dynamics of a family.
4. What is the most suitable toy for a 3-year-old boy receiving weekly chemotherapy treatment?
- A. Bouncy ball
- B. Coloring book with crayons
- C. Duck that squeaks
- D. Remote-controlled car
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A coloring book with crayons is the best choice as it is safe, engaging, and can provide a distraction during treatment without posing any safety risks. Coloring activities can help keep the child occupied, promote creativity, and offer a calming and therapeutic outlet during chemotherapy sessions.
5. How does the component of Adolescent health and development empower adolescents/youths?
- A. By equipping them with life skills
- B. By involving them in providing health education
- C. By encouraging them to become peer educators
- D. By providing them with loans to start businesses
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: By equipping them with life skills. Life skills empower adolescents and youths to make informed decisions and take control of their health. Providing health education (choice B) and encouraging them to become peer educators (choice C) are beneficial but may not directly empower them as much as acquiring life skills. Giving loans to start businesses (choice D) is not directly related to empowering adolescents in the context of health and development.