HESI RN
HESI 799 RN Exit Exam
1. A 66-year-old woman is retiring and will no longer have health insurance through her place of employment. Which agency should the client be referred to by the employee health nurse for health insurance needs?
- A. Woman, Infants, and Children program
- B. Medicaid
- C. Medicare
- D. Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act provision
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medicare. Title XVII of the Social Security Act of 1965 created the Medicare Program to provide medical insurance for individuals who are 65 years or older, disabled, or have permanent kidney failure. Medicare is the appropriate agency to refer a 66-year-old woman who is retiring and losing her employment-based health insurance. Choice A, the Woman, Infants, and Children program, is not suitable for this scenario as it provides assistance for low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and young children. Choice B, Medicaid, is a program that helps individuals with low income and resources cover medical costs, which may not be applicable to this woman's situation. Choice D, the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act provision, known as COBRA, allows employees to continue their group health insurance coverage after leaving their job but may not be the best option for this woman in this case.
2. Which of the following is a common cause of acute kidney injury?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Dehydration
- C. Infection
- D. Hypotension
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Infection is a common cause of acute kidney injury because when the body fights an infection, it activates the immune response, leading to inflammation. This inflammatory response can affect the kidneys and impair their function. While hypertension (choice A) is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, it is not a direct cause of acute kidney injury. Dehydration (choice B) can lead to prerenal acute kidney injury due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, but infection is a more common cause of acute kidney injury. Hypotension (choice D) can contribute to prerenal acute kidney injury, but it is not a direct cause like infection.
3. An older adult client with a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with progressive shortness of breath and a persistent cough. The client is anxious and complaining of a dry mouth. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Assist the client to an upright position
- B. Administer a prescribed sedative
- C. Apply a high-flow Venturi mask
- D. Encourage the client to drink water
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Assisting the client to an upright position is the most appropriate intervention in this scenario. An upright position helps optimize lung expansion and aids in improving ventilation, which can alleviate shortness of breath. This position also assists in reducing anxiety by providing a sense of control and comfort. Administering a sedative (Choice B) may further depress the respiratory drive in a client with COPD and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. Applying a high-flow Venturi mask (Choice C) may be indicated later based on oxygenation needs, but the immediate focus should be on positioning. Encouraging the client to drink water (Choice D) may not directly address the respiratory distress and anxiety experienced by the client.
4. What type of epithelium lines the vagina?
- A. Ciliated epithelium.
- B. Squamous epithelium.
- C. Columnar epithelium.
- D. Transitional epithelium.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Squamous epithelium. The vagina is lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium provides protection against abrasion and pathogens. Choice A, Ciliated epithelium, is incorrect as ciliated epithelium is found in areas like the fallopian tubes to help move the egg towards the uterus. Choice C, Columnar epithelium, is incorrect as columnar epithelium is typically found in areas like the intestines. Choice D, Transitional epithelium, is incorrect as this type of epithelium is found in areas like the urinary bladder.
5. The client is receiving dietary instructions for hypoparathyroidism. Which of the following dietary recommendations is appropriate?
- A. Increase intake of dairy products and green leafy vegetables
- B. Avoid foods high in calcium
- C. Consume a high-sodium diet
- D. Limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload
Correct answer: A
Rationale: For clients with hypoparathyroidism, the appropriate dietary recommendation is to increase intake of calcium-rich foods like dairy products and green leafy vegetables to help manage hypocalcemia. This is because hypoparathyroidism leads to low levels of calcium in the blood, so increasing calcium intake through diet is essential. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding foods high in calcium (choice B) would exacerbate the hypocalcemia. Consuming a high-sodium diet (choice C) is not necessary for managing hypoparathyroidism. Limiting fluid intake (choice D) is not directly related to the dietary management of hypoparathyroidism.