a 16 yo female student with a history of asthma controlled with both an oral antihistamine and an albuterol provenfil metere dose inhaler mdi comes to

HESI RN

HESI Practice Test Pediatrics

1. A 16-year-old female student with a history of asthma controlled with both an oral antihistamine and an albuterol (ProAir) metered-dose inhaler (MDI) comes to the school nurse. The student complains that she cannot sleep at night, feels shaky, and her heart feels like it is 'beating a mile a minute.' Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain?

A. When she last took the antihistamine.
B. When her last asthma attack occurred.
C. Duration of most asthma attacks.
D. How often the MDI is used daily.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The most crucial information for the nurse to obtain in this scenario is how often the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is used daily. This information will help assess if the symptoms of insomnia, shakiness, and palpitations are potentially related to overuse of the inhaler, which can cause side effects such as tremors and palpitations. Monitoring the frequency of MDI usage is essential in managing asthma and ensuring appropriate medication administration.

2. A 6 year old who has asthma is demonstrating a prolonged expiratory phase and wheezing and has a 35% of personal best peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Based on these findings, what actions should the nurse take first?

A. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
B. Encourage the child to cough and deep breath.
C. Report findings to the health care provider.
D. Determine what triggers precipitated this attack.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator will help open the airways and improve breathing.

3. The practical nurse is caring for a child who was admitted for treatment of seizures. Which intervention should the nurse implement to help prevent injury from a seizure?

A. Have a padded tongue depressor at the bedside.
B. Keep the side rails padded and in an upright position.
C. Place a padded helmet on the child’s head.
D. Restrain the child during the seizure activity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention to help prevent injury during a seizure is to keep the side rails padded and in an upright position. This measure helps to ensure the child's safety by preventing falls or accidental injuries. Using a padded tongue depressor or restraining the child can potentially cause harm and are not recommended. Placing a padded helmet is not a standard intervention for seizure safety in this scenario.

4. What information should a nurse discuss with the mother of a 2-year-old girl who is drinking sweetened soda from her bottle?

A. Encouraging 2-word phrases in speech development for a 2-year-old
B. Explaining the association between drinking soda and dental caries
C. Discussing the link between drinking soda and childhood obesity
D. Emphasizing the importance of toddlers sleeping 10 hours a night

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is explaining the association between drinking soda and dental caries. Soda consumption can lead to tooth decay and cavities, so it is crucial to educate the mother about this to prevent dental issues in the child.

5. When should a mother introduce solid foods to her infant? The mother of a 4-month-old baby girl asks the nurse when she should introduce solid foods to her infant. The mother states, 'My mother says I should put rice cereal in the baby’s bottle now.' The nurse should instruct the mother to introduce solid foods when her child exhibits which behavior?

A. Stops rooting when hungry
B. Opens mouth when food comes her way
C. Awakens once for nighttime feedings
D. Gives up a bottle for a cup

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Opens mouth when food comes her way.' Readiness for solid foods is indicated by the infant showing interest in food and being able to sit up with support. This behavior demonstrates the infant's readiness to start introducing solid foods in their diet. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because stopping rooting when hungry, awakening once for nighttime feedings, and giving up a bottle for a cup are not indicators of readiness for solid foods in infants.