HESI RN
Reproductive System Exam Questions
1. Which of the following is an example of an oviparous animal?
- A. Pigeon
- B. Elephant
- C. Sheep
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pigeon. Oviparous animals are those that lay eggs, and pigeons fall under this category. Choice B, Elephant, is incorrect because elephants are viviparous, giving birth to live young. Choice C, Sheep, is also incorrect as sheep are viviparous animals. Choice D, None of the above, is not the correct answer as a pigeon is indeed an example of an oviparous animal.
2. The nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which condition would the nurse expect to find in the client’s recent history?
- A. Pyelonephritis
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Bladder cancer
- D. Kidney stones
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In pre-renal acute kidney injury, there is a decrease in perfusion to the kidneys. Myocardial infarction can lead to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, causing pre-renal AKI. Pyelonephritis is an intrinsic/intrarenal cause of AKI involving kidney damage. Bladder cancer and kidney stones are post-renal causes of AKI due to urinary flow obstruction, not related to perfusion issues seen in pre-renal AKI.
3. What is the most common cause of peptic ulcers?
- A. Helicobacter pylori infection
- B. NSAID use
- C. Excessive alcohol consumption
- D. Stress
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common cause of peptic ulcers. This bacterium can weaken the protective mucous coating of the stomach and duodenum, allowing acid to get through to the sensitive lining beneath. NSAID use (Choice B) can also cause peptic ulcers by disrupting the stomach's mucosal barrier. Excessive alcohol consumption (Choice C) and stress (Choice D) can exacerbate and contribute to ulcer formation but are not the primary cause.
4. The parents of a 9-month-old infant are being educated about preventing iron deficiency anemia. Which statement by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will start giving my baby whole cow’s milk at 12 months
- B. I will give my baby iron-fortified cereal
- C. I will give my baby fruit juice between meals
- D. I will give my baby water with meals
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I will give my baby iron-fortified cereal.' Iron-fortified cereal is an excellent source of iron for infants, aiding in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Choice A is incorrect as whole cow’s milk should not be introduced until the child is at least 12 months old to prevent iron deficiency. Choice C is incorrect because giving fruit juice between meals can interfere with iron absorption. Choice D is incorrect as giving water with meals can decrease nutrient intake. Therefore, the best choice to prevent iron deficiency anemia in a 9-month-old infant is to give them iron-fortified cereal.
5. The nurse is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment finding is most concerning?
- A. Jugular venous distention
- B. Peripheral edema
- C. Shortness of breath
- D. Crackles in the lungs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Shortness of breath is the most concerning finding in a client with left-sided heart failure as it indicates worsening pulmonary congestion and impaired gas exchange. This symptom suggests that the client is experiencing significant difficulty in breathing and inadequate oxygenation, requiring immediate intervention. Jugular venous distention (Choice A) is often seen in right-sided heart failure, while peripheral edema (Choice B) and crackles in the lungs (Choice D) are common manifestations of left-sided heart failure but are not as acutely concerning as severe shortness of breath, which can rapidly progress to respiratory distress if not addressed promptly.