Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following ethical principles involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources?

• A. Justice
• B. Fidelity
• C. Autonomy
• D. Veracity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Justice. Justice is the ethical principle that focuses on the fair and equitable distribution of resources, ensuring that all individuals receive appropriate care based on their needs. Fidelity (B) refers to being faithful or loyal to commitments and obligations. Autonomy (C) relates to respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions. Veracity (D) pertains to truthfulness and honesty in communication with patients.

2. The healthcare provider is monitoring a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following laboratory findings would be expected?

• A. Decreased blood glucose levels
• B. Decreased urine ketones
• C. Increased serum bicarbonate
• D. Increased anion gap

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), there is an excess of ketone bodies produced due to the breakdown of fatty acids for energy, leading to metabolic acidosis. An increased anion gap is a characteristic laboratory finding in DKA. The increased anion gap is a result of the accumulation of ketoacids and lactic acid in the blood, contributing to metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the correct answer is an increased anion gap. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because in DKA, blood glucose levels are typically elevated, urine ketones are increased due to the breakdown of fatty acids, and serum bicarbonate is usually decreased as it is consumed in an attempt to buffer the acidosis.

3. Which of the following best defines management?

• A. A manager is someone who ensures that employees complete their work.
• B. A manager controls the work of employees.
• C. A manager organizes and controls a group of employees to get work done.
• D. A manager accomplishes tasks through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best definition of management encompasses the comprehensive process of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups to achieve organizational goals. Choice A is too limited, focusing only on ensuring work completion. Choice B is overly restrictive as management involves more than mere control. Choice C is more specific than the correct answer, which encompasses a broader range of managerial functions.

4. A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients' medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for excess fluid volume?

• A. The client taking diuretics
• B. The client with renal failure
• C. The client with an ileostomy
• D. The client who requires gastrointestinal suctioning

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Clients with renal failure are unable to excrete fluids effectively, leading to an increased risk of fluid volume excess. Option A, the client taking diuretics, would be at risk for fluid volume deficit due to increased urine output caused by the diuretics. Option C, the client with an ileostomy, is at risk for fluid volume deficit due to increased output from the ileostomy. Option D, the client who requires gastrointestinal suctioning, may be at risk for dehydration, but not specifically excess fluid volume.

5. A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg P.O. daily. Which finding should Nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug effect?

• A. Dysuria
• B. Leg cramps
• C. Tachycardia
• D. Blurred vision

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tachycardia is a potential adverse effect of levothyroxine, indicating overmedication. Dysuria (painful urination) is not typically associated with levothyroxine. Leg cramps are not a common adverse effect of levothyroxine. Blurred vision is not a typical adverse effect of levothyroxine; instead, it may be a sign of other eye-related conditions or medication side effects.

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